Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function

Neurology International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 821 - 841

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term complications are increasing issue in patients who have been infected with COVID-19 and may be result of viral-associated systemic central nervous system inflammation or arise from virus-induced hypercoagulable state. incite changes brain function wide range lingering symptoms. Patients often experience fatigue note fog, sensorimotor symptoms, sleep disturbances. Prolonged neurological neuropsychiatric symptoms prevalent can interfere substantially everyday life, leading to massive public health concern. The mechanistic pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae important subject ongoing research. Inflammation- induced blood-brain barrier permeability viral neuro-invasion direct nerve damage involved. Though the mechanisms uncertain, resulting documented numerous patient reports studies. This review examines constellation spectrum seen long COVID incorporates information on prevalence these contributing factors, typical course. Although treatment options generally lacking, potential therapeutic approaches for alleviating improving quality life explored.

Язык: Английский

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Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

Cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) that form the brain capillaries are principal constituents of blood barrier (BBB), main active interface between and which plays a protective role by restricting infiltration pathogens, harmful substances immune into while allowing entry essential nutrients. Aberrant CEC function often leads to increased permeability BBB altering bidirectional communication bloodstream facilitating extravasation brain. In addition their as gatekeepers BBB, exhibit cell properties they can receive transmit signals partly via release inflammatory effectors in pathological conditions. express innate receptors, including toll like receptors (TLRs) inflammasomes first sensors exogenous or endogenous dangers initiators responses drive neural dysfunction degeneration. Accumulating evidence indicates activation TLRs compromises integrity, promotes aberrant neuroimmune interactions modulates both systemic neuroinflammation, common features neurodegenerative psychiatric diseases central nervous system (CNS) infections injuries. The goal present review is provide an overview pivotal roles played discuss molecular cellular mechanisms contribute disruption neuroinflammation especially context traumatic ischemic injuries infections. We will focus on most recent advances literature reports field highlight knowledge gaps. future research directions advance our understanding contribution potential at promising therapeutic targets wide variety conditions

Язык: Английский

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Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 within 2 years: a multinational cohort study

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review

Current Psychiatry Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(11)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: pathology and long-term implications for brain health

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(9), С. 781 - 794

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction following COVID-19 infection: evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies

The Lancet Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(11), С. 894 - 906

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2022

Evidence on associations between COVID-19 illness and mental health is mixed. We aimed to examine whether associated with deterioration in while considering pre-pandemic health, time since infection, subgroup differences, confirmation of infection via self-reported test serology data.We obtained data from 11 UK longitudinal studies repeated measures (psychological distress, depression, anxiety, life satisfaction; scales were standardised within each study across time) status April, 2020, 2021. included participants information available at least one outcome measure (suspected or test-confirmed) during the pandemic, a subset serology-confirmed COVID-19. Furthermore, only who had minimum set covariates, including age, sex, included. investigated having ever outcomes using generalised estimating equations. examined varied by ethnicity, education, strength association according differed versus confirmed (by serology) infection.Between 21 Dec, 2021, July 11, 2022, we analysed 54 442 (ranging age 16 years maximum category 90 older another; 33 200 [61·0%] women 242 [39·0%] men) studies. Of 40 819 ethnicity data, 36 802 (90·2%) White. Pooled estimates differences suggested subsequent psychological distress (0·10 [95% CI 0·06 0·13], I2=42·8%), depression (0·08 [0·05 0·10], I2=20·8%), anxiety I2=0·0%), lower satisfaction (-0·06 [-0·08 -0·04], I2=29·2%). found no evidence interactions health. Associations did not vary substantially less than 4 weeks, 4-12 more 12 present all groups, some stronger effects those aged 50 older. Participants but negative worse for without based self-report. positive self-report show outcomes.Self-reporting was longitudinally satisfaction. Our findings emphasise need greater post-infection service provision, given substantial prevalence worldwide.UK Medical Research Council National Institute Health Care Research.

Язык: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 Syndrome is Rarely Associated with Damage of the Nervous System: Findings from a Prospective Observational Cohort Study in 171 Patients

Neurology and Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(4), С. 1637 - 1657

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect multiple organs. Reports of persistent or newly emergent symptoms, including those related to the nervous system, have increased over course pandemic, leading introduction post-COVID-19 syndrome. However, this novel is still ill-defined and structured objectification complaints scarce. Therefore, we performed a prospective observational cohort study better define validate subjective neurological disturbances in patients with syndrome.A total 171 fulfilling WHO Delphi consensus criteria underwent comprehensive diagnostic work-up neurovascular, electrophysiological, blood analysis. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lumbar puncture were conducted subgroups patients. Furthermore, neuropsychological, psychosomatic, fatigue assessment.Patients predominantly female, middle-aged, had incurred mostly mild-to-moderate COVID-19. most frequent included fatigue, difficulties concentration, memory deficits. (85.8%), in-depth assessment yielded no pathological findings. 97.7% cases, either diagnosis other than post COVID-19 syndrome, likely preceding could be established. Sensory motor more often associated Previous psychiatric conditions identified as risk factor for developing We found high somatization scores our patient group that correlated cognitive deficits extent fatigue.Albeit frequently reported by patients, objectifiable affection system rare Instead, elevated levels point towards pathogenesis potentially involving psychosomatic factors. thorough important order not miss diseases post-COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Larger gray matter volumes in neuropsychiatric long-COVID syndrome

Psychiatry Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 317, С. 114836 - 114836

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are the most common sequelae of long-COVID. As accumulating evidence suggests an impact survived SARS-CoV-2-infection on brain physiology, it is necessary to further investigate structural changes in relation course and neuropsychiatric symptom burden To this end, present study investigated 3T-MRI scans from long-COVID patients suffering (n = 30), healthy controls 20). Whole-brain comparison gray matter volume (GMV) was conducted by voxel-based morphometry. determine whether GMV predicted and/or initial severity COVID-19 time since onset stepwise linear regression analysis performed. Significantly enlarged several clusters (spanning fronto-temporal areas, insula, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus both hemispheres) when compared controls. Time a significant regressor four these with inverse relationship. No associations clinical were found. alterations limbic secondary olfactory areas might be dynamic over time. Larger samples longitudinal data required clarify mediating mechanisms between COVID-19, symptoms.

Язык: Английский

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Characteristics of long-COVID among older adults: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 125, С. 287 - 293

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2022

To describe long-COVID symptoms among older adults and to assess the risk factors for two common symptoms: fatigue dyspnea.This is a multicenter, prospective cohort study conducted in Israel, Switzerland, Spain, Italy. Individuals were included at least 30 days after their COVID-19 diagnosis. We compared between elderly (aged >65 years) younger individuals 18-65 univariate multivariable analyses predictors of dyspnea.A total 2333 evaluated an average 5 months (146 [95% confidence interval 142-150]) onset. The mean age was 51 years, 20.5% aged years. Older more likely be symptomatic, with most being (38%) dyspnea (30%); they complain cough arthralgia have abnormal chest imaging pulmonary function tests. Independent female gender, obesity, closer proximity diagnosis; not independent predictor.Older different persisting symptoms, pronounced impairment. Women obesity are risk. Further research warranted investigate natural history population possible interventions aimed promoting rehabilitation well-being.

Язык: Английский

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Bridging Knowledge Gaps in the Diagnosis and Management of Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79(8), С. 811 - 811

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2022

Importance

Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported as a prominent feature of postacute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), with common that include cognitive impairment, sleep difficulties, depression, posttraumatic stress, and substance use disorders. A primary challenge parsing PASC epidemiology pathophysiology is the lack standard definition syndrome, little known regarding mechanisms neuropsychiatric PASC.

Observations

Rates symptom prevalence vary, but at least 1 has in many 90% patients 6 months after hospitalization approximately 25% nonhospitalized adults COVID-19. Mechanisms are still being elucidated. They may static brain injury accrued during acute COVID-19, neurodegeneration triggered by secondary effects autoimmune chronic inflammation, viral persistence tissue reservoirs, or reactivation other latent viruses. Despite rapidly emerging data, gaps knowledge persist related to variable definitions PASC, standardized phenotyping biomarkers, variability virus genotypes, ascertainment biases, limited accounting for social determinants health pandemic-related stressors.

Conclusions Relevance

Growing data support high symptoms, current literature heterogeneous assessments critical epidemiological factors. By enrolling large patient samples conducting state-of-the-art assessments, Researching COVID Enhance Recovery (RECOVER), multicenter research initiative funded National Institutes Health, will help clarify epidemiology, pathophysiology, injury, well identify targets therapeutic intervention.

Язык: Английский

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