Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays vital role as therapeutic chemopreventive agent in the treatment of variety diseases. In this review, an overview pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity scopoletin provided. addition, prospects outlook for future studies are appraised. indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective properties immunomodulatory effects both vitro vivo experimental trials. it inhibitor various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic demonstrated low bioavailability, rapid absorption, extensive metabolism scopoletin. These may be associated with its poor solubility aqueous media. research indicates non-toxicity most cell types tested date, suggesting that will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance test dose. Considering favorable pharmacological activities, has potential act drug candidate cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative mental disorders. view merits limitations, suitable lead compound development new, efficient, low-toxicity derivatives. Additional needed explore molecular mechanisms targets, verify toxicity, promote oral bioavailability.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of dietary Artemisia annua supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and gut microbiota of geese

Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(5), С. 103594 - 103594

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

This experiment aimed to study the effect of 1% Artemisia annua added diet on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal morphology, gut microbiota geese. Seventy-two 35-day-old male geese (Zi goose) with similar body weight were selected randomly divided into two groups. Each treatment group 36 was six subgroups, each having 6 The lasted for 21 d. Control (CON) fed a basal experimental (AAL) + annua. BW, ADG, ADFI AAL increased (p < 0.05) FCR decreased compared CON group. addition CAT (Catalase), GSH-px (Glutathione peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) enzyme activities, T-AOC (Total capacity), MDA (Malondialdehyde) content in serum jejunum 0.05). Meanwhile, IgA, IgG, IgM, LZM (lysozyme), at different time points 0.05), decrease IFN-γ (Interferon-γ), IL-6 but no complement C3 C4. Morphological observation small intestine showed that jejunal crypt depth while elevating villus height/crypt 16S rRNA sequencing results diversity cecum microbiota, increasing relative abundance Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Paraprevotella. In conclusion, could improve immune ability geese, as well development tract change structure which had positive can be further developed feed additive.

Язык: Английский

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Modulation of alveolar macrophage and mitochondrial fitness by medicinal plant-derived nanovesicles to mitigate acute lung injury and viral pneumonia

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Acute lung injury (ALI) is generally caused by severe respiratory infection and characterized overexuberant inflammatory responses inefficient pathogens-containing, the two major processes wherein alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a central role. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked with distorted hence disorders, but few treatments are currently available to correct these defects. Plant-derive nanovesicles gained significant attention because of their therapeutic potential, targeting cells underlying mechanism remain elusive. We herein prepared from Artemisia annua, well-known medicinal plant multiple attributes involving anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, metabolism-regulating properties. By applying three mice models acute bacterial endotoxin, influenza A virus (IAV) SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus respectively, we showed that Artemisia-derived (ADNVs) substantially alleviated immunopathology raised survival rate challenged mice. Macrophage depletion adoptive transfer studies confirmed requirement AMs for ADNVs effects. identified gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enclosed in vesicles molecular effector mediating regulatory roles ADNVs. Specifically, GABA acts on through receptors, promoting mitochondrial gene programming bioenergy generation, reducing oxidative stress signals, thereby enhancing adaptability inflammation resolution. Collectively, this study identifies promising nanotherapeutics alleviating pathology, elucidates whereby canonical neurotransmitter modifies resume tissue homeostasis, which may broader implications treating critical pulmonary diseases such as COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Paeoniflorin Inhibits Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication by Inhibiting Autophagy and Targeting AKT/mTOR Signaling

Veterinary Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(2), С. 117 - 117

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important pathogen that leads to great economic losses the swine industry. Paeoniflorin (PF), a novel plant extract, has been reported have antiviral properties. However, role of paeoniflorin in regulating PCV2 replication remains unclear. Here, we used CCK8 assay demonstrate PF within safe concentrations (0–275 mM) significantly inhibits dose-dependent manner porcine kidney cells. Subsequently, comparative transcriptome and functional verification revealed probably inherits via targeting AKT/mTOR signaling. Further experimental data show signaling pathway highly relevant autophagy. Thus, from Western blot, qPCR, indirect immunofluorescence test indicate by inhibiting autophagy pathway. Together, our results provide insight into mechanism offer new ideas for treatment infection pigs.

Язык: Английский

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Applications of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to the Study of Diverse Protein‐Ligand Interactions

Current Protocols, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Functional characterization of enzymes/proteins requires determination the binding affinity small molecules or other biomolecules with target proteins. Several available techniques, such as proteomics and drug discovery strategies, require a precise high-throughput assay for rapid reliable screening potential candidates further testing. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), well-established label-free technique, directly measures biomolecular affinities. SPR assays immobilization one interacting component (ligand) on conductive metal (mostly gold silver) continuous flow solution containing partner (analyte) across surface. The phenomenon occurs when polarized light excites electrons at interface dielectric medium to generate electromagnetic waves that propagate parallel Changes in refractive index due interaction between ligand analyte are measured by detecting reflected light, providing real-time data kinetics specificity. A prominent use is identifying compounds crude plant extracts bind specific molecules. Procedures utilize becoming increasingly applicable outside laboratory setting, imaging localized (LSPR) cheaper more portable alternative situ detection mammalian pathogens studies. LSPR, particular, has advantage direct attachment test tissues live-plant Here, we describe three protocols utilizing SPR-based analysis protein-ligand interactions. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: comparison affinities viral reverse transcriptase polymorphisms 2: extract protein-binding agents 3: Localized antigen using antibody-conjugated nanoparticles.

Язык: Английский

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Biochemical Screening of Phytochemicals and Identification of Scopoletin as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, Revealing Its Biophysical Impact on Structural Stability

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 402 - 402

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro nsp5) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to the life cycle and pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2, making it an attractive drug target develop antivirals. This study employed virtual screening a few phytochemicals, resultant best compound, Scopoletin, was further investigated by FRET-based enzymatic assay, revealing experimental IC50 15.75 µM. impact Scopoletin on Mpro biophysical MD simulation studies. Fluorescence spectroscopy identified strong binding constant 3.17 × 104 M⁻1 for Mpro, as demonstrated its effective fluorescence quenching Mpro. Additionally, CD showed significant reduction in helical content upon interaction with Scopoletin. findings thermodynamic measurements using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) supported spectroscopic data, indicating tight KA 2.36 103 M−1. Similarly, studies have also revealed that forms hydrogen bonds amino acids nearest active site, this has been molecular dynamics These indicate may be developed potential antiviral treatment targeting

Язык: Английский

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Green Extraction of Volatile Terpenes from Artemisia annua L.

Molecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(7), С. 1638 - 1638

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025

In the present study, extraction of volatile terpenes from A. annua with supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) was optimized by a full factorial design procedure and compared conventional distillation. The influence pressure (100–220 bar) temperature (40–60 °C) on sc-CO2 investigated to obtain extracts rich in desired components while maintaining high yield. Extraction yields (m/m) varied 0.62% (130 bar/40 1.92% (100 bar/60 °C). Monoterpenes were most abundant constituents extracts, among which artemisia ketone (16.93–48.49%), camphor (3.29–18.44%) 1,8-cineole (4.77–11.89%) dominated. Arteannuin B (3.98–10.03%) β-selinene (1.05–7.42%) major sesquiterpenes. Differences found between terpene profiles essential oils obtained hydrodistillation steam distillation, as well distilled oils. Our results demonstrate optimal conditions for rapid effective certain monoterpenes sesquiterpenes annua, have promising antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory antitumor properties.

Язык: Английский

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A Review of Medicinal plants for Infectious Oral Viral Diseases: A Systematic Review

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 393 - 401

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

When oral tissues are infected with viruses, the usually develop blisters or ulcerations. These infections seen in dental settings, but because of their low prevalence and difficult diagnosis, they frequently do not receive much clinical attention. This page compiles data on viral infections' etiology, signs, diagnosis techniques, management plans. DNA including those belonging to families Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Poxviridae, linked sores. Moreover, cavity can be impacted by RNA viruses enteroviruses paramyxoviruses. Many antiviral medications available market; however might alter microbiota have unfavorable side effects. Consequently, natural phytochemicals extracted from plants that historically been used medicine as promising alternatives, hunt for alternatives products continues. Using keywords, we looked a variety literature this study using PubMed Google Scholar search engines. The first yielded 280 papers based titles, abstracts, publication dates. There were 156 unique articles left when duplicate items eliminated. research will examine most widely plant inhibits pathogen development, decreases biofilm plaque production, affects adherence surfaces, relieves symptoms associated diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Chemical constituents from artemisia annua with potential anti-inflammatory activities

Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Phytochemical analysis of Artemisia annua aerial parts revealed three novel lignan glycosides (arteannuoside A-B, annusesquilignanoside) and 18 known compounds (4-21), including spanning megastigmanes (4-13), coumarin (14), nitrogen-containing compound (15), phenylethanol glycoside (16), phenolic (17-21). Compounds (4, 6, 10, 12, 15-18) were first isolated from this species. Structural characterization employed NMR spectroscopy literature comparison. The new demonstrated concentration-dependent IL-6 inhibition in LPS-activated macrophages. At 100 μM, 1 (68.75%), 2 (71.89%) 3 (61.34%) showed strong activity, while at 50 μM yielded 33.45%, 39.37%, 45.36% respectively.

Язык: Английский

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In vivo evaluation of Andrographis paniculata and Boesenbergia rotunda extract activity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Golden Syrian hamsters: Potential herbal alternative for COVID-19 treatment

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(6), С. 598 - 610

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has triggered extensive research, mainly focused on identifying effective therapeutic agents, specifically those targeting highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antiviral efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of herbal extracts derived from Andrographis paniculata Boesenbergia rotunda, using a Golden Syrian hamster model infected with Delta, representative variant associated severe COVID-19. Hamsters were intranasally inoculated Delta orally administered either vehicle control, B. or A. extract at dosage 1000 mg/kg/day. Euthanasia was conducted days 1, 3, 7 post-inoculation, 4 animals per group. results demonstrated that oral administration significantly alleviated both lethality infection severity compared control rotunda extract. However, neither exhibited direct terms reducing viral load lungs. Nonetheless, treatment reduced IL-6 protein levels lung tissue (7278 ± 868.4 pg/g tissue) (12,495 1118 tissue), indicating there decrease local inflammation. finding is evidenced by ability reduce histological lesions lungs hamsters. Furthermore, decreased IP-10 mRNA expression peripheral blood mononuclear cells hamsters group, suggesting systemic effects occurred. In conclusion, extract's potential application for arises its observed capacity lessen inflammatory cytokine concentrations mitigate pathology.

Язык: Английский

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