Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(6), С. 3159 - 3244
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023
Abstract
Traditional
fertilizers
are
highly
inefficient,
with
a
major
loss
of
nutrients
and
associated
pollution.
Alternatively,
biochar
loaded
phosphorous
is
sustainable
fertilizer
that
improves
soil
structure,
stores
carbon
in
soils,
provides
plant
the
long
run,
yet
most
biochars
not
optimal
because
mechanisms
ruling
properties
poorly
known.
This
issue
can
be
solved
by
recent
developments
machine
learning
computational
chemistry.
Here
we
review
phosphorus-loaded
emphasis
on
chemistry,
learning,
organic
acids,
drawbacks
classical
fertilizers,
production,
phosphorus
loading,
release.
Modeling
techniques
allow
for
deciphering
influence
individual
variables
biochar,
employing
various
supervised
models
tailored
to
different
types.
Computational
chemistry
knowledge
factors
control
binding,
e.g.,
type
compound,
constituents,
mineral
surfaces,
binding
motifs,
water,
solution
pH,
redox
potential.
Phosphorus
release
from
controlled
coexisting
anions,
adsorbent
dosage,
initial
concentration,
temperature.
Pyrolysis
temperatures
below
600
°C
enhance
functional
group
retention,
while
450
increase
plant-available
phosphorus.
Lower
pH
values
promote
release,
higher
hinder
it.
Physical
modifications,
such
as
increasing
surface
area
pore
volume,
maximize
adsorption
capacity
biochar.
Furthermore,
acid
affects
low
molecular
weight
acids
being
advantageous
utilization.
Lastly,
biochar-based
2–4
times
slower
than
conventional
fertilizers.