Gut,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(10), С. 2107 - 2122
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2022
Cancer
is
generally
regarded
as
a
localised
disease,
with
the
well-established
role
of
tumour
microenvironment.
However,
realm
cancer
goes
beyond
microenvironment,
and
should
also
be
systemic
environmental
disease.
The
exposome
(
ie,
totality
exposures),
which
encompasses
diets,
supplements,
smoking,
alcohol,
other
lifestyle
factors,
medications,
etc
,
likely
alters
microbiome
(inclusive
bacteria,
viruses,
archaea,
fungi,
parasites,
)
immune
system
in
various
body
sites
influences
phenotypes.
metabolic/inflammatory
status,
influenced
by
exposures
intestinal
physiological
changes,
may
affect
tissue
microenvironment
colorectum
any
organs.
Germline
genomic
factors
can
modify
disease
phenotypes
via
gene-by-environment
interactions.
Although
challenges
exist,
it
crucial
to
advance
not
only
basic
experimental
research
that
analyse
effects
exposures,
microorganisms
microenvironmental
components
on
evolution
but
interdisciplinary
human
population
dissect
complex
pathogenic
roles
exposome,
immunome.
Metagenomic,
metatranscriptomic
metabolomic
analyses
integrated
into
well-designed
combined
advanced
methodologies
artificial
intelligence
molecular
pathological
epidemiology.
Ideally,
prospective
cohort
study
design
enables
biospecimen
(such
stool)
collection
before
detection
considered
address
reverse
causation
recall
biases.
Robust
observational
together
provide
insights
dynamic
interactions
between
microbiota,
immunity
during
carcinogenesis
processes,
thereby
helping
us
develop
precision
prevention
therapeutic
strategies
ultimately
reduce
burden.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2022
Abstract
The
United
States
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(US
FDA)
has
always
been
a
forerunner
in
drug
evaluation
supervision.
Over
the
past
31
years,
1050
drugs
(excluding
vaccines,
cell-based
therapies,
gene
therapy
products)
have
approved
as
new
molecular
entities
(NMEs)
or
biologics
license
applications
(BLAs).
A
total
of
228
these
were
identified
cancer
therapeutics
cancer-related
drugs,
120
them
classified
therapeutic
for
solid
tumors
according
to
their
initial
indications.
These
evolved
from
small
molecules
with
broad-spectrum
antitumor
properties
early
stage
monoclonal
antibodies
(mAbs)
antibody‒drug
conjugates
(ADCs)
more
precise
targeting
effect
during
most
recent
decade.
extended
indications
other
malignancies,
constituting
treatment
system
monotherapy
combined
therapy.
However,
available
targets
are
still
mainly
limited
receptor
tyrosine
kinases
(RTKs),
restricting
development
drugs.
In
this
review,
summarized
indications,
characteristics,
functions.
Additionally,
RTK-targeted
therapies
immune
checkpoint-based
immunotherapies
also
discussed.
Our
analysis
existing
challenges
potential
opportunities
may
advance
tumor
future.
Abstract
Background
The
gut
microbiota
is
reportedly
involved
in
the
progression
and
chemoresistance
of
various
human
malignancies.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
behind
how
it
exerts
some
effect
on
prostate
cancer,
as
an
extra-intestinal
tumor,
a
contact-independent
way
remain
elusive
deserve
exploration.
Antibiotic
exposure,
one
factors
affecting
community
capable
causing
dysbiosis,
associated
with
multiple
disorders.
This
study
aims
to
preliminarily
clarify
link
between
dysbiosis
cancer.
Results
First,
we
discovered
that
perturbing
by
consuming
broad-spectrum
antibiotics
water
promoted
growth
subcutaneous
orthotopic
tumors
mice.
Fecal
transplantation
could
transmit
antibiotic
exposure
tumor
growth.
Then,
16S
rRNA
sequencing
for
mouse
feces
indicated
relative
abundance
Proteobacteria
was
significantly
higher
after
exposure.
Meanwhile,
intratumoral
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
profoundly
increased
under
elevation
permeability.
Both
vivo
vitro
experiments
revealed
NF-κB-IL6-STAT3
axis
activated
LPS
facilitated
cancer
proliferation
docetaxel
chemoresistance.
Finally,
patients’
fecal
samples
enriched
patients
metastatic
positively
correlated
plasma
IL6
level,
regional
lymph
node
metastasis
status,
distant
status.
receiver
operating
characteristic
(ROC)
curves
showed
had
better
performance
than
prostate-specific
antigen
(PSA)
level
predicting
probability
(area
ROC
curve,
0.860;
p
<
0.001).
Conclusion
Collectively,
this
research
demonstrated
characterized
enrichment
due
resulted
permeability
LPS,
promoting
development
via
Considering
findings
from
patients,
might
act
intestinal
biomarker
progressive
Cell Reports Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
4(1), С. 100884 - 100884
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
•Intratumoral
microbes
have
been
revealed
to
exist
in
many
cancers•Intratumoral
affect
the
host
immune
and
tumor
chemotherapy•The
characteristics
roles
of
intratumoral
tumors
were
summarized•Exploring
biomarkers
for
diagnosis,
treatment,
prognosis
It
is
estimated
that
future,
number
new
cancer
cases
worldwide
will
exceed
19.3
million
recorded
2020,
deaths
10
million.
Cancer
remains
leading
cause
human
mortality
lagging
socioeconomic
development.
Intratumoral
types,
including
pancreatic,
colorectal,
liver,
esophageal,
breast,
lung
cancers.
microorganisms
not
only
system,
but
also
effectiveness
chemotherapy.
This
review
concentrates
on
various
tumors.
In
addition,
potential
therapies
targeting
microbes,
as
well
main
challenges
currently
delaying
these
therapies,
are
explored.
Furthermore,
we
briefly
summarize
existing
technical
methods
used
characterize
microbes.
We
hope
provide
ideas
exploring
targets
prognostication.
