The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

Cell, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 167(4), С. 915 - 932

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

---

Minireview: Gut Microbiota: The Neglected Endocrine Organ

Molecular Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 28(8), С. 1221 - 1238

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2014

The concept that the gut microbiota serves as a virtual endocrine organ arises from number of important observations. Evidence for direct role its metabolic capacity to produce and regulate multiple compounds reach circulation act influence function distal organs systems. For example, metabolism carbohydrates results in production short-chain fatty acids, such butyrate propionate, which provide an source nutrients well regulatory control host digestive system. This over is also seen ability prebiotic inulin relevant hormones glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, leptin. Moreover, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, produces conjugated linoleic acid, has been shown reduce body-weight gain white adipose tissue without effects on food intake. Manipulating microbial composition gastrointestinal tract modulates plasma concentrations tryptophan, essential amino acid precursor serotonin, key neurotransmitter within both enteric central nervous Indirectly through yet unknown mechanisms, exerts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. clear studies animals raised germ-free environment, who show exaggerated responses psychological stress, normalizes after monocolonization by certain bacterial species including Bifidobacterium infantis. It tempting speculate therapeutic targeting may be useful treating stress-related disorders diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Mother-to-Infant Microbial Transmission from Different Body Sites Shapes the Developing Infant Gut Microbiome

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(1), С. 133 - 145.e5

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

---

Temporal and spatial variation of the human microbiota during pregnancy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 112(35), С. 11060 - 11065

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2015

Significance The human indigenous microbial communities (microbiota) play critical roles in health and may be especially important for mother fetus during pregnancy. Using a case-control cohort of 40 women, we characterized weekly variation the vaginal, gut, oral microbiota after Microbiota membership remained relatively stable at each body site An altered vaginal community was associated with preterm birth; this finding corroborated by an analysis samples from additional nine women. We also discovered abrupt change delivery that persisted some cases least 1 y. Our findings suggest pregnancy outcomes might predicted features early gestation.

Язык: Английский

---

Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

BMJ, Год журнала: 2017, Номер unknown, С. j1 - j1

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2017

Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. during pregnancy has short term and long adverse consequences for both mother child. causes problems with infertility, early gestation it spontaneous loss congenital anomalies. Metabolically, obese have increased insulin resistance pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically late as glucose intolerance fetal overgrowth. At term, risk cesarean delivery wound complications increased. Postpartum, an venous thromboembolism, depression, difficulty breast feeding. Because 50-60% overweight or gain more than recommended by Institute Medicine gestational weight guidelines, postpartum retention increases future cardiometabolic risks prepregnancy obesity subsequent pregnancies. Neonates body fat at birth, childhood obesity. Although there no unifying mechanism responsible perinatal outcomes associated maternal obesity, on basis available data, accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, oxidative stress seem to contribute placental dysfunction. We will review pathophysiology underlying these data try shed light specific mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

---

Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2016

Abstract Interaction with intestinal microbes in infancy has a profound impact on health and disease later life through programming of immune metabolic pathways. We collected maternal faeces, placenta, amniotic fluid, colostrum, meconium infant faeces samples from 15 mother-infant pairs an effort to rigorously investigate prenatal neonatal microbial transfer gut colonisation. To ensure sterile sampling, only deliveries at full term by elective caesarean section were studied. Microbiota composition activity assessment conventional bacterial culture, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, quantitative PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the placenta fluid harbour distinct microbiota characterised low richness, diversity predominance Proteobacteria. Shared features between detected suggest foeto-maternal interface. At age 3–4 days, begins resemble colostrum. Based these data, we propose stepwise colonisation process may be initiated already prenatally fluid. The link mother offspring is continued after birth present breast milk.

Язык: Английский

---

Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of delivery

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 23(3), С. 314 - 326

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2017

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial biogeography of wine grapes is conditioned by cultivar, vintage, and climate

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 111(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2013

Wine grapes present a unique biogeography model, wherein microbial biodiversity patterns across viticultural zones not only answer questions of dispersal and community maintenance, they are also an inherent component the quality, consumer acceptance, economic appreciation culturally important food product. On their journey from vineyard to wine bottle, transformed through activity, with indisputable consequences for quality parameters. harbor wide range microbes originating surrounding environment, many which recognized role in grapevine health quality. However, determinants regional characteristics have been identified, but frequently assumed stem or geological factors alone. This study used high-throughput, short-amplicon sequencing approach demonstrate that regional, site-specific, grape-variety shape fungal bacterial consortia inhabiting wine-grape surfaces. Furthermore, these assemblages correlated specific climatic features, suggesting link between environmental conditions inhabitation patterns. Taken together, inputs fermentations, posing existence nonrandom "microbial terroir" as determining factor variation among grapes.

Язык: Английский

---

The infant microbiome development: mom matters

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 21(2), С. 109 - 117

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2014

Язык: Английский

---

The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 1(3)

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2015

Most studies of the human microbiome have focused on westernized people with life-style practices that decrease microbial survival and transmission, or traditional societies are currently in transition to westernization. We characterize fecal, oral, skin bacterial resistome members an isolated Yanomami Amerindian village no documented previous contact Western people. These harbor a highest diversity bacteria genetic functions ever reported group. Despite their isolation, presumably for >11,000 years since ancestors arrived South America, known exposure antibiotics, they carry functional antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, including those confer synthetic antibiotics syntenic mobilization elements. results suggest westernization significantly affects AR genes appear be feature even absence commercial antibiotics. likely poised enrichment upon pharmacological levels Our findings emphasize need extensive characterization function remote nonwesternized populations before globalization modern potentially beneficial harbored body.

Язык: Английский

---