Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 14(8), С. 491 - 502

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2017

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(8), С. 461 - 478

Опубликована: Май 23, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 19(1), С. 29 - 41

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2016

Summary The human gut microbiota ferments dietary non‐digestible carbohydrates into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). These microbial products are utilized by the host and propionate butyrate in particular exert a range of health‐promoting functions. Here an overview metabolic pathways microbes to produce these two SCFA from amino resulting protein breakdown is provided. This emphasizes important role played cross‐feeding intermediary metabolites (in lactate, succinate 1,2‐propanediol) between different bacteria. ecophysiology, including growth requirements responses environmental factors, major producing bacteria discussed relation modulation metabolites. A detailed understanding metabolism necessary underpin effective strategies optimize supply host.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 23(6), С. 705 - 715

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes

Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 359(6380), С. 1151 - 1156

Опубликована: Март 8, 2018

The gut microbiota benefits humans via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from carbohydrate fermentation, and deficiency in SCFA is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a randomized clinical study of specifically designed isoenergetic diets, together fecal shotgun metagenomics, to show that select group SCFA-producing strains was promoted by dietary fibers most other potential producers were either diminished or unchanged patients T2DM. When the fiber-promoted present greater diversity abundance, participants had better improvement hemoglobin A1c levels, partly increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production. Promotion these positive responders metabolically detrimental compounds such as indole hydrogen sulfide. Targeted restoration may novel ecological approach for managing

Язык: Английский

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Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 555(7698), С. 623 - 628

Опубликована: Март 19, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 20(2), С. 145 - 155

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2018

Accumulating evidence implicates metabolites produced by gut microbes as crucial mediators of diet-induced host-microbial cross-talk. Here, we review emerging data suggesting that microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis are influencing host health. These suggested to activate the immune system through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), enhance intestinal epithelial barrier, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, well secretion hormones, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or toxic effects in systemic circulation, and putatively modulate composition. Tryptophan thus affect various physiological processes may contribute homeostasis health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(5), С. 1020 - 1032

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Язык: Английский

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