Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2018
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder,
most
cases
of
which
lack
clear
causative
event.
This
has
made
the
difficult
to
characterize
and,
thus,
diagnose.
Although
some
are
genetically
linked,
there
many
diseases
and
lifestyle
factors
that
can
lead
an
increased
risk
developing
AD,
including
traumatic
brain
injury,
diabetes,
hypertension,
obesity,
other
metabolic
syndromes,
in
addition
aging.
Identifying
common
trends
between
these
conditions
could
enhance
our
understanding
AD
development
more
effective
treatments.
immune
system
one
body’s
key
defense
mechanisms,
chronic
inflammation
been
increasingly
linked
with
several
age-related
diseases.
Moreover,
it
now
well
accepted
important
role
onset
progression
AD.
In
this
review,
different
inflammatory
signals
associated
its
will
be
outlined
demonstrate
how
may
influencing
individual
susceptibility
Our
goal
bring
attention
potential
shared
presented
by
during
successful
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
99(4), С. 1877 - 2013
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019
The
importance
of
the
gut-brain
axis
in
maintaining
homeostasis
has
long
been
appreciated.
However,
past
15
yr
have
seen
emergence
microbiota
(the
trillions
microorganisms
within
and
on
our
bodies)
as
one
key
regulators
function
led
to
appreciation
a
distinct
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
This
is
gaining
ever
more
traction
fields
investigating
biological
physiological
basis
psychiatric,
neurodevelopmental,
age-related,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
brain
communicate
with
each
other
via
various
routes
including
immune
system,
tryptophan
metabolism,
vagus
nerve
enteric
nervous
involving
microbial
metabolites
such
short-chain
fatty
acids,
branched
chain
amino
peptidoglycans.
Many
factors
can
influence
composition
early
life,
infection,
mode
birth
delivery,
use
antibiotic
medications,
nature
nutritional
provision,
environmental
stressors,
host
genetics.
At
extreme
diversity
diminishes
aging.
Stress,
particular,
significantly
impact
at
all
stages
life.
Much
recent
work
implicated
gut
many
conditions
autism,
anxiety,
obesity,
schizophrenia,
Parkinson’s
disease,
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Animal
models
paramount
linking
regulation
fundamental
neural
processes,
neurogenesis
myelination,
microbiome
activation
microglia.
Moreover,
translational
human
studies
are
ongoing
will
greatly
enhance
field.
Future
focus
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
attempt
elucidate
microbial-based
intervention
therapeutic
strategies
for
neuropsychiatric
Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
72(3), С. 558 - 577
Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2019
The
gut-liver
axis
refers
to
the
bidirectional
relationship
between
gut
and
its
microbiota,
liver,
resulting
from
integration
of
signals
generated
by
dietary,
genetic
environmental
factors.
This
reciprocal
interaction
is
established
portal
vein
which
enables
transport
gut-derived
products
directly
liver
feedback
route
bile
antibody
secretion
intestine.
intestinal
mucosal
vascular
barrier
functional
anatomical
structure
that
serves
as
a
playground
for
interactions
limiting
systemic
dissemination
microbes
toxins
while
allowing
nutrients
access
circulation
reach
liver.
control
microbial
communities
critical
maintaining
homeostasis
axis,
part
this
communication
shapes
communities.
Alcohol
disrupts
at
multiple
interconnected
levels,
including
microbiome,
mucus
barrier,
epithelial
level
antimicrobial
peptide
production,
increases
exposure
proinflammatory
environment
Growing
evidence
indicates
pathogenetic
role
microbe-derived
metabolites,
such
trimethylamine,
secondary
acids,
short-chain
fatty
acids
ethanol,
in
pathogenesis
non-alcoholic
disease.
Cirrhosis
itself
associated
with
profound
alterations
microbiota
damage
different
levels
defence
epithelial,
immune
barriers.
relevance
severe
disturbance
cirrhosis
has
been
linked
translocation
live
bacteria,
bacterial
infections
disease
progression.
identification
elements
primarily
damaged
each
chronic
offers
possibilities
intervention.
Beyond
antibiotics,
upcoming
therapies
centred
on
include
new
generations
probiotics,
metabolites
(postbiotics),
faecal
transplantation,
carbon
nanoparticles.
FXR-agonists
target
both
are
currently
being
tested
diseases.
Finally,
synthetic
biotic
medicines,
phages
specific
bacteria
or
create
physical
barriers
offer
therapeutic
approaches.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
7
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2020
Adipose
tissue
plays
essential
roles
in
maintaining
lipid
and
glucose
homeostasis.
To
date
several
types
of
adipose
have
been
identified,
namely
white,
brown,
beige,
that
reside
various
specific
anatomical
locations
throughout
the
body.
The
cellular
composition,
secretome,
location
these
depots
define
their
function
health
metabolic
disease.
In
obesity,
becomes
dysfunctional,
promoting
a
pro-inflammatory,
hyperlipidemic
insulin
resistant
environment
contributes
to
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM).
Concurrently,
similar
features
result
from
dysfunction
also
promote
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
by
mechanisms
can
be
augmented
T2DM.
which
dysfunctional
simultaneously
T2DM
CVD,
focusing
on
depot-specific
adipokines,
inflammatory
profiles,
metabolism,
will
focus
this
review.
impact
CVD
treatment
strategies
body
weight
discussed.
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
80(1), С. 37 - 49
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2020
In
recent
years,
the
importance
of
gut
microbiota
in
human
health
has
been
revealed
and
many
publications
have
highlighted
its
role
as
a
key
component
physiology.
Owing
to
use
modern
sequencing
approaches,
characterisation
microbiome
healthy
individuals
disease
demonstrated
disturbance
microbiota,
or
dysbiosis,
associated
with
pathological
conditions.
The
establishes
symbiotic
crosstalk
their
host:
commensal
microbes
benefit
from
nutrient-rich
environment
provided
by
produces
hundreds
proteins
metabolites
that
modulate
functions
host,
including
nutrient
processing,
maintenance
energy
homoeostasis
immune
system
development.
Many
bacteria-derived
originate
dietary
sources.
Among
them,
an
important
attributed
derived
bacterial
fermentation
fibres,
namely
SCFA
linking
host
nutrition
intestinal
maintenance.
are
fuels
for
epithelial
cells
(IEC)
regulate
IEC
through
different
mechanisms
proliferation,
differentiation
well
subpopulations
such
enteroendocrine
cells,
impact
motility
strengthen
barrier
metabolism.
Recent
findings
show
SCFA,
particular
butyrate,
also
immuno-modulatory
functions.
this
review,
we
discuss
on
immunity
consequently
health.
