Gut Microbes,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(1), С. 1832857 - 1832857
Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020
Obesity
is
associated
with
impaired
intestinal
barrier
function
and
dysbiosis
of
the
gut
microbiota.
Spermidine,
a
polyamine
that
acts
as
an
autophagy
inducer,
has
important
benefits
in
patients
aging-associated
diseases
metabolic
dysfunction.
However,
mechanism
spermidine
on
obesity
remains
unclear.
Here,
we
show
intake
negatively
correlated
both
humans
mice.
Spermidine
supplementation
causes
significant
loss
weight
improves
insulin
resistance
diet-induced
obese
(DIO)
These
effects
are
alleviation
endotoxemia
enhancement
function,
which
might
be
mediated
through
pathway
TLR4-mediated
microbial
signaling
transduction.
Moreover,
alteration
microbiota
composition
function.
Microbiota
depletion
compromises
while
transplantation
spermidine-altered
confers
protection
against
obesity.
changes
partly
driven
by
SCFA-producing
bacterium,
Lachnospiraceae
NK4A136
group,
was
decreased
subjects
subsequently
increased
spermidine.
Notably,
change
group
significantly
enhanced
induced
Our
results
indicate
may
serve
viable
therapy
for
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Март 11, 2019
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC)
and
Crohn's
disease
(CD),
collectively
known
as
Inflammatory
Bowel
Diseases
(IBD),
are
caused
by
a
complex
interplay
between
genetic,
immunologic,
microbial
environmental
factors.
Dysbiosis
of
the
gut
microbiome
is
increasingly
considered
to
be
causatively
related
IBD
strongly
affected
components
Western
life
style.
Bacteria
that
ferment
fibers
produce
short
chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
typically
reduced
in
mucosa
feces
patients
with
IBD,
compared
healthy
individuals.
SCFAs,
such
acetate,
propionate
butyrate,
important
metabolites
maintaining
intestinal
homeostasis.
Several
studies
have
indeed
shown
fecal
SCFAs
levels
active
IBD.
an
fuel
for
epithelial
cells
strengthen
barrier
function.
Recent
findings,
however,
show
particular
also
immunomodulatory
functions.
Absorption
facilitated
substrate
transporters
like
MCT1
SMCT1
promote
cellular
metabolism.
Moreover,
may
signal
through
cell
surface
G-protein
coupled
receptors
(GPCRs),
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR109A,
activate
signaling
cascades
control
immune
Transgenic
mouse
models
support
key
role
these
GPCRs
controlling
inflammation.
Here,
we
present
overview
production
their
effects
on
specific
emphasis
relevance
discuss
therapeutic
potential
either
applied
directly
or
stimulating
SCFAs-producing
bacteria
pre-
probiotic
approaches.
Biochemical Journal,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
474(11), С. 1823 - 1836
Опубликована: Май 16, 2017
The
human
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tract
harbours
a
complex
and
dynamic
population
of
microorganisms,
the
gut
microbiota,
which
exert
marked
influence
on
host
during
homeostasis
disease.
Multiple
factors
contribute
to
establishment
microbiota
infancy.
Diet
is
considered
as
one
main
drivers
in
shaping
across
life
time.
Intestinal
bacteria
play
crucial
role
maintaining
immune
metabolic
protecting
against
pathogens.
Altered
bacterial
composition
(dysbiosis)
has
been
associated
with
pathogenesis
many
inflammatory
diseases
infections.
interpretation
these
studies
relies
better
understanding
inter-individual
variations,
heterogeneity
communities
along
GI
tract,
functional
redundancy
need
distinguish
cause
from
effect
states
dysbiosis.
This
review
summarises
our
current
development
its
impact
integrity
health,
underlying
for
mechanistic
focusing
host–microbe
interactions.
European Journal of Nutrition,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
57(1), С. 1 - 24
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2017
The
diverse
microbial
community
that
inhabits
the
human
gut
has
an
extensive
metabolic
repertoire
is
distinct
from,
but
complements
activity
of
mammalian
enzymes
in
liver
and
mucosa
includes
functions
essential
for
host
digestion.
As
such,
microbiota
a
key
factor
shaping
biochemical
profile
diet
and,
therefore,
its
impact
on
health
disease.
important
role
appears
to
play
metabolism
stimulated
research
into
identification
specific
microorganisms
involved
different
processes,
elucidation
pathways,
particularly
those
associated
with
dietary
components
some
host-generated
substances.
In
first
part
review,
we
discuss
main
microorganisms,
bacteria,
pathways
carbohydrates
(to
short
chain
fatty
acids
gases),
proteins,
plant
polyphenols,
bile
acids,
vitamins.
second
review
focuses
methodologies,
existing
novel,
can
be
employed
explore
metabolism.
These
include
mathematical
models,
omics
techniques,
isolated
microbes,
enzyme
assays.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020
A
substantial
body
of
evidence
supports
that
the
gut
microbiota
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
regulation
metabolic,
endocrine
and
immune
functions.
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
growing
recognition
involvement
modulation
multiple
neurochemical
pathways
through
highly
interconnected
gut-brain
axis.
Although
amazing
scientific
breakthroughs
over
last
few
years
have
expanded
our
knowledge
on
communication
between
microbes
their
hosts,
underpinnings
microbiota-gut-brain
crosstalk
remain
to
be
determined.
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
main
metabolites
produced
colon
by
bacterial
fermentation
dietary
fibers
resistant
starch,
are
speculated
play
key
neuro-immunoendocrine
regulation.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
which
SCFAs
might
influence
brain
physiology
behavior
not
fully
elucidated.
this
review,
we
will
outline
current
about
interactions.
We
also
highlight
how
development
future
treatments
for
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
disorders
can
take
advantage
intimate
mutual
interactions
with
exploring
function.
Gut,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(5), С. 1020 - 1032
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
now
considered
as
one
of
the
key
elements
contributing
to
regulation
host
health.
Virtually
all
our
body
sites
are
colonised
by
microbes
suggesting
different
types
crosstalk
with
organs.
Because
development
molecular
tools
and
techniques
(ie,
metagenomic,
metabolomic,
lipidomic,
metatranscriptomic),
complex
interactions
occurring
between
microorganisms
progressively
being
deciphered.
Nowadays,
deviations
linked
many
diseases
including
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
hepatic
steatosis,
intestinal
bowel
(IBDs)
several
cancer.
Thus,
that
various
pathways
involved
in
immunity,
energy,
lipid
glucose
metabolism
affected.
In
this
review,
specific
attention
given
provide
a
critical
evaluation
current
understanding
field.
Numerous
mechanisms
explaining
how
bacteria
might
be
causally
protection
or
onset
discussed.
We
examine
well-established
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids,
bile
trimethylamine
N-oxide)
extend
more
recently
identified
actors
endocannabinoids,
bioactive
lipids,
phenolic-derived
compounds,
advanced
glycation
end
products
enterosynes)
their
receptors
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
alpha
(PPARα)
gamma
(PPARγ),
aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR),
G
protein-coupled
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR119,
Takeda
5).
Altogether,
complexity
aspects
linking
health
will
help
set
basis
for
novel
therapies
already
developed.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
8(4), С. 573 - 573
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2020
The
complex
polymicrobial
composition
of
human
gut
microbiota
plays
a
key
role
in
health
and
disease.
Lachnospiraceae
belong
to
the
core
microbiota,
colonizing
intestinal
lumen
from
birth
increasing,
terms
species
richness
their
relative
abundances
during
host's
life.
Although,
members
are
among
main
producers
short-chain
fatty
acids,
different
taxa
also
associated
with
intra-
extraintestinal
diseases.
Their
impact
on
host
physiology
is
often
inconsistent
across
studies.
Here,
we
discuss
changes
according
With
aim
harnessing
promote
health,
analyze
how
nutrients
diet
can
influence
growth
metabolites
can,
turn,
physiology.
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
critical
component
of
digestion,
breaking
down
complex
carbohydrates,
proteins,
and
to
lesser
extent
fats
that
reach
the
lower
gastrointestinal
tract.
This
process
results
in
multitude
microbial
metabolites
can
act
both
locally
systemically
(after
being
absorbed
into
bloodstream).
impact
these
biochemicals
on
health
complex,
as
potentially
beneficial
toxic
be
yielded
from
such
pathways,
some
cases,
effects
are
dependent
upon
metabolite
concentration
or
organ
locality.
aim
this
review
summarize
our
current
knowledge
how
macronutrient
metabolism
by
influences
health.
Metabolites
discussed
include
short-chain
fatty
acids
alcohols
(mainly
monosaccharides);
ammonia,
branched-chain
acids,
amines,
sulfur
compounds,
phenols,
indoles
(derived
amino
acids);
glycerol
choline
derivatives
(obtained
breakdown
lipids);
tertiary
cycling
carbon
dioxide
hydrogen.
Key
taxa
related
disease
states
will
referred
each
case,
gaps
could
contribute
understanding
overall
wellness
identified.
