Cell,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
178(6), С. 1299 - 1312.e29
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2019
Metformin
is
the
first-line
therapy
for
treating
type
2
diabetes
and
a
promising
anti-aging
drug.
We
set
out
to
address
fundamental
question
of
how
gut
microbes
nutrition,
key
regulators
host
physiology,
affect
effects
metformin.
Combining
two
tractable
genetic
models,
bacterium
E.
coli
nematode
C.
elegans,
we
developed
high-throughput
four-way
screen
define
underlying
host-microbe-drug-nutrient
interactions.
show
that
integrate
cues
from
metformin
diet
through
phosphotransferase
signaling
pathway
converges
on
transcriptional
regulator
Crp.
A
detailed
experimental
characterization
downstream
Crp
in
combination
with
metabolic
modeling
microbiota
metformin-treated
diabetic
patients
predicts
production
microbial
agmatine,
lipid
metabolism
lifespan.
Our
screening
platform
paves
way
identifying
exploitable
drug-nutrient-microbiome
interactions
improve
health
longevity
targeted
microbiome
therapies.Video
AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiI3OGQ0MjNhNTMzNGQyZmYxYTZiNTdlNmY2MmYxMzM3ZSIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc4NzgzMjE5fQ.C3wdcP1TL3PapJWq4aI9LqsiS4q6cpUWw-FQ7fy9lgDmKHFywjogOw_G7SPvpjQAddWJFM3HFiFp6aC-1emmlgxKYfkZob882qDP8r0K1SoLm87Cbli3lc1G7hM9SeBcggAoLXUh0eD50eoNMejy-aonZO3owgKn92ybO60X8R38WWtkT-dE_vYa7x1RJIluwBYG7ocgruTrQ13ku0YQCB8I7s963G-jxU4aVCrfH2_2dj3oHNkmUYfkHx-WxMZiw6prSCAo2MxN0khMxAHYyi5KTpJGSVJwcQVLnY4qxocw4p080sYc1DSUlXTBVUq_Z11m6HKwvf0_D0Iarevc_A(mp4,
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video
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(12), С. 2862 - 2862
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2019
The
human
gut
is
inhabited
by
trillions
of
microorganisms
composing
a
dynamic
ecosystem
implicated
in
health
and
disease.
composition
the
microbiota
unique
to
each
individual
tends
remain
relatively
stable
throughout
life,
yet
daily
transient
fluctuations
are
observed.
Diet
key
modifiable
factor
influencing
microbiota,
indicating
potential
for
therapeutic
dietary
strategies
manipulate
microbial
diversity,
composition,
stability.
While
diet
can
induce
shift
these
changes
appear
be
temporary.
Whether
prolonged
permanent
alterations
unknown,
mainly
due
lack
long-term
interventions,
or
follow-ups
short-term
interventions.
It
possible
that
habitual
diets
have
greater
influence
on
than
acute
strategies.
This
review
presents
current
knowledge
around
response
interventions
identifies
major
factors
contribute
diet.
Overall,
further
research
include
microbiome
measures
required
before
clinical
recommendations
made
modulation
health.
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(1), С. 38 - 38
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019
Cancer
is
a
multifactorial
pathology
and
it
represents
the
second
leading
cause
of
death
worldwide.
In
recent
years,
numerous
studies
highlighted
dual
role
gut
microbiota
in
preserving
host’s
health.
Gut
resident
bacteria
are
able
to
produce
number
metabolites
bioproducts
necessary
protect
gut’s
homeostasis.
Conversely,
several
subpopulations
may
expand
during
pathological
dysbiosis
therefore
high
levels
toxins
capable,
turn,
trigger
both
inflammation
tumorigenesis.
Importantly,
can
interact
with
host
either
modulating
directly
epithelium
or
immune
system.
Numerous
populating
bacteria,
called
probiotics,
have
been
identified
as
protective
against
genesis
tumors.
Given
their
capability
homeostasis,
probiotics
currently
tested
help
fight
cancer
patients
subjected
chemotherapy
radiotherapy.
Most
recently,
three
independent
show
that
specific
species
potentiate
positive
outcome
anti-cancer
immunotherapy.
The
highly
significant
studies,
uncovering
tight
association
between
tumorigenesis,
well
therapy,
here
described.
Lactobacillus
rhamnosus
GG
(LGG),
most
studied
probiotic
model
cancer,
also
reported.
Overall,
according
findings
summarized,
novel
strategies
integrating
such
LGG,
conventional
therapies
strongly
encouraged.
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
complex
ecosystem,
densely
colonised
by
thousands
of
microbial
species.
It
varies
among
individuals
and
depends
on
host
genotype
environmental
factors,
such
as
diet
antibiotics.
In
this
review,
we
focus
stability
resilience
essential
ecological
characteristics
the
its
relevance
for
health.
Microbial
diversity,
metabolic
flexibility,
functional
redundancy,
microbe–microbe
host–microbe
interactions
seem
to
be
critical
maintaining
resilience.
equilibrium
ecosystem
can
disrupted
perturbations,
antibiotic
therapy,
causing
significant
decreases
in
richness
diversity
well
impacting
As
consequence,
unbalanced
states
or
even
unhealthy
stable
develop,
potentially
leading
supporting
diseases.
Accordingly,
strategies
have
been
developed
manipulate
order
prevent
revert
caused
including
faecal
microbiota
transplantation,
supplementation
with
probiotics
non-digestible
carbohydrates,
more
extensive
dietary
modifications.
Nevertheless,
an
increasing
number
studies
has
evidenced
interindividual
variability
extent
direction
response
which
attributed
unique
each
individual’s
microbiome.
From
clinical,
translational
perspective,
ability
improve
prior
restore
afterwards,
would
offer
benefits.
To
effective,
therapeutic
approach
will
likely
need
personalised
subgroup-based
understanding
individual
genetics,
diet,
other
factors
that
might
involved.
The
gastrointestinal
tract
is
abundantly
colonized
by
microbes,
yet
the
translocation
of
oral
species
to
intestine
considered
a
rare
aberrant
event,
and
hallmark
disease.
By
studying
salivary
fecal
microbial
strain
populations
310
in
470
individuals
from
five
countries,
we
found
that
transmission
to,
subsequent
colonization
of,
large
microbes
common
extensive
among
healthy
individuals.
We
evidence
for
vast
majority
be
transferable,
with
increased
levels
colorectal
cancer
rheumatoid
arthritis
patients
and,
more
generally,
described
as
opportunistic
pathogens.
This
establishes
cavity
an
endogenous
reservoir
gut
strains,
oral-fecal
important
process
shapes
microbiome
health
