Immunological memory to SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and COVID ‐19 vaccines

Immunological Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 310(1), С. 27 - 46

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. can develop from multiple branches adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 B long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding to SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative qualitative features different cellular anatomical compartments; durability each component antibodies. Given sophistication measurements; size human studies; use longitudinal samples cross-sectional head-to-head comparisons between or for 1 year already supersedes that any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding as well scientific development future against diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 4 - 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine

Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 185(11), С. 1875 - 1887.e8

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6608), С. 821 - 822

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2022

T cell immunity may be critical for long-term protection by COVID-19 vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: immunogenicity, efficacy and safety

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(6), С. 385 - 401

Опубликована: Март 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines

mBio, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(2)

Опубликована: Март 30, 2022

The emergence of several new variants severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some have reduced efficacy effectiveness symptomatic disease caused by beta (B.1.351) delta (B.1.617.2); however, hospitalization remains high. Although data primary regimen omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA been shown to restore protection infection (regardless vaccine used for regimen) maintain high hospitalization. However, wanes with time after dose. Studies demonstrated reductions varying magnitude neutralizing activity vaccine-elicited antibodies a range SARS-CoV-2 variants, particular exhibiting partial immune escape. suggests T-cell responses preserved across platforms, regardless concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies under investigation address or future including modification certain (including omicron), multivalent formulations, different delivery mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Omicron spike function and neutralizing activity elicited by a comprehensive panel of vaccines

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6608), С. 890 - 894

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant of concern comprises several sublineages, with BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 having replaced the previously dominant BA.1 BA.4 BA.5 increasing in prevalence worldwide. We show that large number sublineage spike mutations leads to enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) binding, reduced fusogenicity, dampening plasma neutralizing activity elicited by infection or seven clinical vaccines relative ancestral virus. Administration a homologous heterologous booster based on Wuhan-Hu-1 sequence markedly increased antibody titers breadth against BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, across all evaluated. Our data suggest although sublineages evade polyclonal responses primary vaccine series, boosters may provide sufficient protection Omicron-induced disease.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine update: vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters, adverse effects, and immune correlates of protection

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2022

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have successfully controlled pandemic greatly reduced risk illness death associated with COVID-19. However, due to ability rapidly evolve, SARS-CoV-2 virus may never be eradicated, there are many important new topics work on if we need live for a long time. To end, hope provide essential knowledge researchers who improvement future vaccines. In review, provided an up-to-date summary current vaccines, discussed biological basis clinical impact variants subvariants, analyzed effectiveness various vaccine booster regimens against different strains. Additionally, reviewed potential mechanisms vaccine-induced adverse events, summarized studies regarding immune correlates protection, finally, next-generation

Язык: Английский

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The Evolution and Biology of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(5), С. a041390 - a041390

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2022

Our understanding of the still unfolding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic would have been extremely limited without study genetics and evolution this new human coronavirus. Large-scale genome-sequencing efforts provided close to real-time tracking global spread diversification SARS-CoV-2 since its entry into population in late 2019. These data underpinned analysis origins, epidemiology, adaptations population: principally immune evasion increasing transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2, despite being a pathogen, was highly capable human-to-human transmission. During rapid humans, has evolved independent forms, so-called "variants concern," that are better optimized for The most important adaptation bat progenitor both SARS-CoV-1 infection (and other mammals) is use angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. Relaxed structural constraints provide plasticity SARS-related spike protein permitting it accommodate significant amino acid replacements antigenic consequence compromising ability bind ACE2. Although bulk research justifiably concentrated on viral as main determinant changes transmissibility, there accumulating evidence contribution regions proteome virus-host interaction. Whereas levels community transmission recombinants genetically distinct variants at present low, when divergent cocirculate, recombination between clades detected, risk viruses with properties emerge. Applying computational machine learning methods genome sequence sets generate experimentally verifiable predictions will serve an early warning system novel variant surveillance be future vaccine planning. Omicron, latest concern, focused attention step change events, "shift," opposed incremental "drift" antigenicity. Both increase transmissibility shift Omicron led readily causing infections fully vaccinated and/or previously infected. Omicron's virulence, while reduced relative concern replaced, Delta, very much premised past exposure individuals clear signal boosted vaccination protects from disease. Currently, proven itself dangerous pathogen unpredictable evolutionary capacity, leading too great not ensure all world screened by sequencing, protected through available affordable vaccines, non-punitive strategies place detecting responding concern.

Язык: Английский

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Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract

Immunity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 55(5), С. 749 - 780

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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