Medicinal Research Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(4), С. 1904 - 1922
Опубликована: Март 14, 2024
The
pursuit
of
enhanced
health
during
aging
has
prompted
the
exploration
various
strategies
focused
on
reducing
decline
associated
with
process.
A
key
area
this
is
management
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
a
notable
characteristic
aging.
This
review
sheds
light
crucial
role
that
small
molecules
play
in
augmenting
healthy
aging,
particularly
through
influencing
functions.
Mitochondrial
oxidative
damage,
significant
aspect
can
potentially
be
lessened
interventions
such
as
coenzyme
Q10,
alpha-lipoic
acid,
and
variety
antioxidants.
Additionally,
discusses
approaches
for
enhancing
proteostasis,
emphasizing
importance
unfolded
protein
response
inducers
like
doxycycline,
agents
affect
mitophagy,
urolithin
A,
spermidine,
trehalose,
taurine,
which
are
vital
sustaining
quality
control.
Of
equal
methods
modulating
energy
production,
involve
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
boosters,
adenosine
5'-monophosphate-activated
kinase
activators,
compounds
metformin
mitochondria-targeted
tamoxifen
enhance
metabolic
function.
Furthermore,
delves
into
emerging
encourage
biogenesis.
Together,
these
present
promising
avenue
addressing
age-related
degradation,
thereby
setting
stage
development
innovative
treatment
to
meet
extensive
challenge.
Review30
August
2021Open
Access
Autophagy
in
major
human
diseases
Daniel
J
Klionsky
orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-8118
Life
Sciences
Institute,
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor,
MI,
USA
Search
for
more
papers
by
this
author
Giulia
Petroni
Department
Radiation
Oncology,
Weill
Cornell
Medical
College,
New
York,
NY,
Ravi
K
Amaravadi
Medicine,
Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia,
PA,
Abramson
Cancer
Center,
Eric
H
Baehrecke
Molecular,
Cell
and
Biology,
Massachusetts
School,
Worcester,
MA,
Andrea
Ballabio
orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-4604
Telethon
Institute
Genetics
Pozzuoli,
Italy
Translational
Sciences,
Section
Pediatrics,
Federico
II
University,
Naples,
Molecular
Human
Genetics,
Baylor
College
Jan
Dan
Duncan
Neurological
Research
Texas
Children
Hospital,
Houston,
TX,
Patricia
Boya
orcid.org/0000-0003-3045-951X
Margarita
Salas
Center
Biological
Research,
Spanish
National
Council,
Madrid,
Spain
José
Manuel
Bravo-San
Pedro
Faculty
Physiology,
Complutense
Networked
Biomedical
Neurodegenerative
Diseases
(CIBERNED),
Ken
Cadwell
Kimmel
Biology
Medicine
at
the
Skirball
York
Grossman
School
Microbiology,
Division
Gastroenterology
Hepatology,
Langone
Health,
Francesco
Cecconi
orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-4359
Stress
Survival
Unit,
Autophagy,
Recycling
Disease
(CARD),
Danish
Society
Copenhagen,
Denmark
Pediatric
Onco-Hematology
Gene
Therapy,
IRCCS
Bambino
Gesù
Children's
Rome,
Rome
'Tor
Vergata',
Augustine
M
Choi
Pulmonary
Critical
Care
Joan
Sanford
I.
York-Presbyterian
Mary
E
Nephrology
Hypertension,
Charleen
T
Chu
orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-8271
Pathology,
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh,
Patrice
Codogno
orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-3180
Institut
Necker-Enfants
Malades,
INSERM
U1151-CNRS
UMR
8253,
Paris,
France
Université
de
Maria
Isabel
Colombo
Laboratorio
Mecanismos
Moleculares
Implicados
en
el
Tráfico
Vesicular
y
la
Autofagia-Instituto
Histología
Embriología
(IHEM)-Universidad
Nacional
Cuyo,
CONICET-
Facultad
Ciencias
Médicas,
Mendoza,
Argentina
Ana
Cuervo
orcid.org/0000-0002-0771-700X
Developmental
Albert
Einstein
Bronx,
Aging
Studies,
Vojo
Deretic
Inflammation
Metabolism
(AIM,
Excellence,
Mexico
Health
Albuquerque,
NM,
Ivan
Dikic
orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-9511
Biochemistry
II,
Goethe
Frankfurt,
Frankfurt
am
Main,
Germany
Buchmann
Zvulun
Elazar
Biomolecular
The
Weizmann
Science,
Rehovot,
Israel
Eeva-Liisa
Eskelinen
Biomedicine,
Turku,
Finland
Gian
Fimia
orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-3325
Sapienza
Epidemiology,
Preclinical
Advanced
Diagnostics,
Infectious
'L.
Spallanzani'
IRCCS,
David
A
Gewirtz
orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-4934
Pharmacology
Toxicology,
Virginia
Commonwealth
Richmond,
VA,
Douglas
R
Green
Immunology,
St.
Jude
Memphis,
TN,
Malene
Hansen
Burnham
Prebys
Discovery
Program
Development,
Aging,
Regeneration,
La
Jolla,
CA,
Marja
Jäättelä
orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-7111
Death
Metabolism,
&
Disease,
Cellular
Terje
Johansen
orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-9578
Group,
Tromsø—The
Arctic
Norway,
Tromsø,
Norway
Gábor
Juhász
Szeged,
Hungary
Anatomy,
Eötvös
Loránd
Budapest,
Vassiliki
Karantza
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
Kenilworth,
NJ,
Claudine
Kraft
orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-4701
ZBMZ,
Freiburg,
CIBSS
-
Centre
Integrative
Signalling
Guido
Kroemer
orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Recherche
des
Cordeliers,
Equipe
Labellisée
par
Ligue
Contre
le
Cancer,
Sorbonne
Université,
Inserm
U1138,
Universitaire
France,
Metabolomics
Platforms,
Gustave
Roussy,
Villejuif,
Pôle
Biologie,
Hôpital
Européen
Georges
Pompidou,
AP-HP,
Suzhou
Systems
Chinese
Academy
Suzhou,
China
Karolinska
Women's
Stockholm,
Sweden
Nicholas
Ktistakis
Programme,
Babraham
Cambridge,
UK
Sharad
Kumar
orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-9814
South
Australia,
Adelaide,
SA,
Australia
Carlos
Lopez-Otin
orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-1904
Departamento
Bioquímica
Biología
Medicina,
Instituto
Universitario
Oncología
del
Principado
Asturias
(IUOPA),
Universidad
Oviedo,
Centro
Investigación
Biomédica
Red
Cáncer
(CIBERONC),
Kay
F
Macleod
Ben
May
Gordon
W-338,
Chicago,
IL,
Frank
Madeo
Biosciences,
NAWI
Graz,
Austria
BioTechMed-Graz,
Field
Excellence
BioHealth
–
Jennifer
Martinez
Immunity,
Laboratory,
Environmental
NIH,
Triangle
Park,
NC,
Alicia
Meléndez
Department,
Queens
City
Flushing,
Graduate
PhD
Programs
Noboru
Mizushima
orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-6444
Tokyo,
Japan
Christian
Münz
orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-1940
Viral
Immunobiology,
Experimental
Zurich,
Switzerland
Josef
Penninger
Biotechnology
Austrian
(IMBA),
Vienna
BioCenter
(VBC),
Vienna,
British
Columbia,
Vancouver,
BC,
Canada
Rushika
Perera
orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-2273
California,
San
Francisco,
Helen
Diller
Family
Comprehensive
Mauro
Piacentini
orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-1296
"Tor
Vergata",
Laboratory
Cytology
Russian
Saint
Petersburg,
Russia
Fulvio
Reggiori
orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-2686
Cells
Systems,
Section,
Groningen,
Netherlands
C
Rubinsztein
Cambridge
Dementia
Kevin
Ryan
Beatson
Glasgow,
Junichi
Sadoshima
Cardiovascular
Rutgers
Jersey
Newark,
Laura
Santambrogio
Sandra
Edward
Meyer
Caryl
Englander
Precision
Luca
Scorrano
orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-8928
Istituto
Veneto
di
Medicina
Molecolare,
Padova,
Hans-Uwe
Simon
Pharmacology,
Bern,
Clinical
Immunology
Allergology,
Sechenov
Moscow,
Fundamental
Kazan
Federal
Kazan,
Anna
Katharina
Kennedy
Rheumatology,
NDORMS,
Oxford,
Anne
Simonsen
orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-7057
Basic
Oslo,
Reprogramming,
Oslo
Hospital
Montebello,
Alexandra
Stolz
orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-439X
Nektarios
Tavernarakis
orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-1466
Biotechnology,
Foundation
Technology-Hellas,
Heraklion,
Crete,
Greece
Sharon
Tooze
orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-3116
Francis
Crick
London,
Tamotsu
Yoshimori
orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-3788
Osaka
Suita,
Intracellular
Membrane
Dynamics,
Frontier
Integrated
Science
Division,
Open
Transdisciplinary
Initiatives
(OTRI),
Junying
Yuan
Interdisciplinary
on
Chemistry,
Shanghai
Organic
Shanghai,
Harvard
Boston,
Zhenyu
Yue
Neurology,
Friedman
Brain
Icahn
Mount
Sinai,
Qing
Zhong
orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-955X
Key
Differentiation
Apoptosis
Ministry
Education,
Pathophysiology,
Jiao
Tong
(SJTU-SM),
Lorenzo
Galluzzi
Corresponding
Author
[email
protected]
orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-8500
Dermatology,
Yale
Haven,
CT,
Pietrocola
orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-234X
Biosciences
Nutrition,
Huddinge,
mor
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022
A
consequence
of
our
progressively
ageing
global
population
is
the
increasing
prevalence
worldwide
age-related
cognitive
decline
and
dementia.
In
absence
effective
therapeutic
interventions,
identifying
risk
factors
associated
with
becomes
increasingly
vital.
Novel
perspectives
suggest
that
a
dynamic
bidirectional
communication
system
between
gut,
its
microbiome,
central
nervous
system,
commonly
referred
to
as
microbiota-gut-brain
axis,
may
be
contributing
factor
for
health
disease.
However,
exact
mechanisms
remain
undefined.
Microbial-derived
metabolites
produced
in
gut
can
cross
intestinal
epithelial
barrier,
enter
systemic
circulation
trigger
physiological
responses
both
directly
indirectly
affecting
functions.
Dysregulation
this
(i.e.,
dysbiosis)
modulate
cytotoxic
metabolite
production,
promote
neuroinflammation
negatively
impact
cognition.
review,
we
explore
critical
connections
microbial-derived
(secondary
bile
acids,
trimethylamine-N-oxide
(TMAO),
tryptophan
derivatives
others)
their
influence
upon
function
neurodegenerative
disorders,
particular
interest
less-explored
role
decline.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(4), С. 222 - 247
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024
Crosstalk
between
gut
and
brain
has
long
been
appreciated
in
health
disease,
the
microbiota
is
a
key
player
communication
these
two
distant
organs.
Yet,
mechanisms
through
which
influences
development
function
of
gut–brain
axis
remain
largely
unknown.
Barriers
present
are
specialized
cellular
interfaces
that
maintain
strict
homeostasis
different
compartments
across
this
axis.
These
barriers
include
epithelial
barrier,
blood–brain
barrier
blood–cerebrospinal
fluid
barrier.
ideally
positioned
to
receive
communicate
microbial
signals
constituting
gateway
for
gut–microbiota–brain
communication.
In
Review,
we
focus
on
how
modulation
by
can
constitute
an
important
channel
Moreover,
malfunction
upon
alterations
composition
could
form
basis
various
conditions,
including
often
comorbid
neurological
gastrointestinal
disorders.
Thus,
should
unravelling
molecular
move
from
simplistic
framing
as
'leaky
gut'.
A
mechanistic
understanding
barriers,
especially
during
critical
windows
development,
be
aetiology
The
modulator
This
Review
provides
overview
examines
role
disease.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
632(8026), С. 858 - 868
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
is
the
leading
cause
of
dementia
worldwide,
but
cellular
pathways
that
underlie
its
pathological
progression
across
brain
regions
remain
poorly
understood
1–3
.
Here
we
report
a
single-cell
transcriptomic
atlas
six
different
in
aged
human
brain,
covering
1.3
million
cells
from
283
post-mortem
samples
48
individuals
with
and
without
disease.
We
identify
76
cell
types,
including
region-specific
subtypes
astrocytes
excitatory
neurons
an
inhibitory
interneuron
population
unique
to
thalamus
distinct
canonical
subclasses.
vulnerable
populations
are
depleted
specific
disease,
provide
evidence
Reelin
signalling
pathway
involved
modulating
vulnerability
these
neurons.
develop
scalable
method
for
discovering
gene
modules,
which
use
cell-type-specific
modules
altered
annotate
differences
associated
diverse
variables.
astrocyte
program
cognitive
resilience
pathology,
tying
choline
metabolism
polyamine
biosynthesis
preserved
function
late
life.
Together,
our
study
develops
regional
ageing
provides
insights
into
vulnerability,
response
pathology.
Nature Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
26(9), С. 1571 - 1584
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
Abstract
Caloric
restriction
and
intermittent
fasting
prolong
the
lifespan
healthspan
of
model
organisms
improve
human
health.
The
natural
polyamine
spermidine
has
been
similarly
linked
to
autophagy
enhancement,
geroprotection
reduced
incidence
cardiovascular
neurodegenerative
diseases
across
species
borders.
Here,
we
asked
whether
cellular
physiological
consequences
caloric
depend
on
metabolism.
We
report
that
levels
increased
upon
distinct
regimens
or
in
yeast,
flies,
mice
volunteers.
Genetic
pharmacological
blockade
endogenous
synthesis
fasting-induced
nematodes
cells.
Furthermore,
perturbing
pathway
vivo
abrogated
lifespan-
healthspan-extending
effects,
as
well
cardioprotective
anti-arthritic
fasting.
Mechanistically,
mediated
these
effects
via
induction
hypusination
translation
regulator
eIF5A.
In
summary,
polyamine–hypusination
axis
emerges
a
phylogenetically
conserved
metabolic
control
hub
for
fasting-mediated
enhancement
longevity.
Huntington's
disease
(HD)
is
a
currently
incurable
neurogenerative
disorder
and
typically
characterized
by
progressive
movement
(including
chorea),
cognitive
deficits
(culminating
in
dementia),
psychiatric
abnormalities
(the
most
common
of
which
depression),
peripheral
symptoms
gastrointestinal
dysfunction).
There
are
no
approved
disease‐modifying
therapies
available
for
HD,
with
death
usually
occurring
approximately
10–25
years
after
onset,
but
some
hold
promising
potential.
HD
subjects
often
burdened
chronic
diarrhea,
constipation,
esophageal
gastric
inflammation,
susceptibility
to
diabetes.
Our
understanding
the
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
its
infancy
growing
evidence
from
preclinical
clinical
studies
suggests
role
gut
microbial
population
imbalance
(gut
dysbiosis)
pathophysiology.
The
brain
can
communicate
through
enteric
nervous
system,
immune
vagus
nerve,
microbiota‐derived‐metabolites
including
short‐chain
fatty
acids,
bile
branched‐chain
amino
acids.
This
review
summarizes
supporting
demonstrating
alterations
bacterial
fungal
composition
that
may
be
associated
HD.
We
focus
on
mechanisms
dysbiosis
compromise
health,
thus
triggering
neuroinflammatory
responses,
further
highlight
outcomes
attempts
modulate
microbiota
as
therapeutic
strategies
Ultimately,
we
discuss
dearth
data
need
more
longitudinal
translational
this
nascent
field.
suggest
future
directions
improve
our
association
between
microbes
pathogenesis
other
‘brain
body
disorders’.