High level of novelty under the hood of convergent evolution

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 379(6636), С. 1043 - 1049

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Little is known about the extent to which species use homologous regulatory architectures achieve phenotypic convergence. By characterizing chromatin accessibility and gene expression in developing wing tissues, we compared architecture of convergence between a pair mimetic butterfly species. Although handful color pattern genes are be involved their convergence, our data suggest that different mutational paths underlie integration these into development. This supported by large fraction accessible being exclusive each species, including de novo lineage-specific evolution modular optix enhancer. These findings may explained high level developmental drift evolutionary contingency occurs during independent mimicry.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic basis of an adaptive polymorphism controlling butterfly silver iridescence

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Identifying the genes and mutations that drive phenotypic variation which are subject to selection is crucial for understanding evolutionary processes. Mormon Fritillary butterflies (Speyeria mormonia) exhibit a striking wing color polymorphism throughout their range: typical morphs bear silver spots on ventral surfaces can co-occur with unsilvered displaying dull coloration.1 Through genome-wide association studies in two polymorphic populations, we fine-map this difference silvering 3' region of transcription factor gene optix. The expression optix confined regions surround spots, these patterns transformed identity upon RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown, implicating as repressor scales butterfly. We show haplotype shows signatures recent selective sweeps allele shared an population Speyeria hydaspe, suggesting introgressions may facilitate exchange variants adaptive potential across species. Remarkably, findings parallel role allelic sharing cis-regulatory modulation shaping aposematic red Heliconius butterflies,2,3,4,5,6,7 lineage separated from 45 million years ago.8 genetic basis thus be more predictable than often presumed, even traits appear divergent large distances.

Язык: Английский

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A meta-analysis of butterfly structural colors: their color range, distribution and biological production

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 226(21)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Butterfly scales are among the richest natural sources of optical nanostructures, which produce structural color and iridescence. Several recurring nanostructure types have been described, such as ridge multilayers, gyroids lower lamina thin films. While mechanisms these classes known, their phylogenetic distributions functional ranges not described in detail. In this Review, we examine a century research on biological production colors, including evolution, development genetic regulation. We also created database more than 300 nanostructures butterflies conducted meta-analysis range, abundance distribution each class. colors ubiquitous short wavelengths but extremely rare long wavelengths, especially red. particular, blue (around 450 nm) occur clades produced by kinds other hues. Nanostructure categories differ prevalence, distribution, range brightness. For example, films least bright; perforated lumen multilayers most often almost entirely restricted to family Lycaenidae; 3D photonic crystals, gyroids, narrowest wavelength (from about 550 nm). discuss implications patterns terms physical constraint relationships pigmentary color. Finally, highlight opportunities for future research, analyses subadult Hesperid identification genes that directly build with relevance biomimetic engineering.

Язык: Английский

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The BTB-ZF gene Bm-mamo regulates pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

The color pattern of insects is one the most diverse adaptive evolutionary phenotypes. However, molecular regulation this not fully understood. In study, we found that transcription factor Bm-mamo responsible for black dilute ( bd ) allele mutations in silkworm. belongs to BTB zinc finger family and orthologous mamo Drosophila melanogaster . This gene has a conserved function gamete production silkworms evolved pleiotropic patterns caterpillars. Using RNAi clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, showed repressor dark melanin larval epidermis. vitro binding assays expression profiling wild-type mutant larvae, also likely regulates related pigment synthesis cuticular protein genes coordinated manner mediate its role formation. mechanism consistent with dual regulating both structure shape cuticle pigments are embedded within it. study provides new insight into as well construction more complex epidermal features some insects.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-scale dissection of wing transparency in the clearwing butterfly Phanus vitreus

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(202)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Optical transparency is rare in terrestrial organisms, and often originates through loss of pigmentation reduction scattering. The coloured wings some butterflies moths have repeatedly evolved transparency, offering examples how they function optically biologically. Because pigments are primarily localized the scales that cover a colourless wing membrane, has complete or radical modification their shape. Whereas bristle-like been well documented glasswing butterflies, other scale modifications resulting remain understudied. butterfly Phanus vitreus achieves while retaining its exhibiting blue/cyan transparent zones. Here, we investigate mechanism P. by light microscopy, focused ion beam milling, microspectrophotometry optical modelling. We show achieved via vertical orientation normal paddle-like scales. These alterations combined with an anti-reflective nipple array on portions membrane being more exposed to light. blueish coloration regions due properties local nanostructures. retention patches might be explained these perpendicular having hydrophobic properties.

Язык: Английский

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The Developmental Origin of Novel Complex Morphological Traits in Lepidoptera

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 70(1), С. 421 - 439

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Novel traits in the order Lepidoptera include prolegs abdomen of larvae, scales, and eyespot band color patterns wings adults. We review recent work that investigates developmental origin diversification these four from a gene-regulatory network (GRN) perspective. While eyespots appear to derive distinct ancestral GRNs co-opted novel body regions, scales situ modifications sensory bristle GRN. The basal central symmetry systems bands on wing is associated with expression WntA gene those whereas more marginal depend two other genes, Distal-less spalt . Finally, several genes have been discovered play important roles regulating background color, via regulation pigmentation GRNs. identification shared cis- regulatory elements belonging helps trace evolutionary history traits. Future should examine extent which are co-opted/modified produce how map specific cell types derived

Язык: Английский

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Editorial: Biological and physical basis of the development of integument and associated structures

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Light as matter: natural structural colour in art

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

Abstract Structural coloration is the production of colour by micro- or nano-structures fine enough to interfere with visible light. colouration responsible for blues and greens many animals, as well gold, silver, some purple-pink colours. These are often saturated might be extremely shimmering and/or iridescent. The study structural an active interdisciplinary field research where biology, physics engineering meet. However, fascination humans stunning colours broader than framework science. Here, I provide a series examples use natural structurally coloured materials in art across ages places. argue that view from ethnozoology necessary gain comprehensive understanding appreciation coloration.

Язык: Английский

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Optix regulates nanomorphology of butterfly scales primarily via its effects on pigmentation

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Previous studies have shown that Optix regulates lower lamina thickness and the type of pigment is produced in wing scales a few butterfly species. However, role regulating production across species, additional aspects scale morphology remains to be investigated. By combining microspectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam technology on wild-type Bicyclus anynana crispants, we show orange pigments (ommochromes), represses brown (melanins), upper surface scales. Our findings suggest conserved as switch gene activates ommochrome melanin synthesis butterflies. comparing these effects with other mutations, where only removed from scales, propose pigmentary changes, alone, affect way chitin polymerizes within scale, changing well multiple intricate structures surface.

Язык: Английский

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Hierarchical morphogenesis of swallowtail butterfly wing scale nanostructures

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023

The study of color patterns in the animal integument is a fundamental question biology, with many lepidopteran species being exemplary models this endeavor due to their relative simplicity and elegance. While significant advances have been made unraveling cellular molecular basis pigmentary coloration, morphogenesis wing scale nanostructures involved structural production not well understood. Contemporary research on topic largely focuses few nymphalid model taxa (e.g., Bicyclus, Heliconius), despite an overwhelming diversity hierarchical nanostructural organization scales. Here, we present time-resolved, comparative developmental Parides eurimedes five other papilionid species. Our results uphold putative conserved role F-actin bundles acting as spacers between developing ridges, previously documented several Interestingly, while ridges are P. eurimedes, plasma membrane manifests irregular mesh-like crossribs characteristic Papilionidae, which delineate accretion cuticle into rows planar disks ridges. Once grown, disintegrating appear reorganize network that supports invagination underlying disks, subsequently forming extruded honeycomb lattice. uncover undocumented for complex nanostructures, likely specific Papilionidae.

Язык: Английский

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