Social Functioning in Individuals Affected by Childhood Maltreatment: Establishing a Research Agenda to Inform Interventions

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 91(4), С. 238 - 251

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is linked to impairments in various domains of social functioning. Here, we argue that it critical identify factors underlie impaired functioning as well processes mediate the beneficial health effects positive relationships individuals exposed CM. Key research recommendations are presented, focusing on: (1) identifying attachment-related alterations specific inter- and intrapersonal (e.g., regulation closeness distance) problems broader lack perceived support) affected by CM; (2) internal current emotional state) external situational cultural factors, presence close others) modulate processes; (3) mechanisms explain intact Methodological include: assessing through interactive (close to) real-life assessments inside outside laboratory; adopting an interdisciplinary, lifespan perspective assess processes, using multi-method assessments; establishing global collaborations account for influences on enable replications across laboratories countries. The proposed line will contribute globally develop refine interventions prevent CM further relationships, which - likely buffering chronic stress corresponding allostatic load foster resilience improve mental physical health, thereby reducing personal suffering societal economic costs its consequences. Interventions targeting euthymia psychological well-being promising therapeutic concepts this context.

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD on self-experience

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1), С. e0295926 - e0295926

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Introduction There is a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential psychedelic substances such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Primary findings from our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-site Phase 3 clinical trial participants with severe PTSD (NCT03537014) showed that MDMA-assisted therapy induced significant attenuation Clinician-Administered Scale for DSM-5 compared to Therapy placebo. Deficits emotional coping skills and altered self-capacities constitute major obstacles successful completion available treatments. The current analysis evaluated differential effects placebo on transdiagnostic outcome measures explored contribution changes self-experience improvement scores. Methods Participants were randomized receive manualized either MDMA or during experimental sessions combination preparation 9 integration visits. Symptoms measured at baseline 2 months after last session using 20-item Toronto Alexithymia (TAS-20), 26-item Self Compassion (SCS), 63-item Inventory Altered Self-Capacities (IASC). Results 90 dosed (MDMA-assisted therapy, n = 46; placebo, 44); 84.4% (76/90) had histories developmental trauma, 87.8% (79/90) suffered multiple traumas. facilitated statistically greater TAS-20, SCS, most IASC factors interpersonal conflicts; idealization disillusionment; abandonment concerns; identity impairment; self-awareness; susceptibility influence; affect dysregulation; instability; skill deficit; tension reduction activities; only exception was diffusion. Conclusion Compared positive mental processes which are often associated poor treatment outcome. This provides possible window into understanding psychological capacities by agents may result improvements symptomatology.

Язык: Английский

---

The Timing Effect of Childhood Maltreatment in Depression: A Systematic Review and meta-Analysis

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(4), С. 2560 - 2580

Опубликована: Май 24, 2022

Although empirical evidence has confirmed the causal relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, findings are inconsistent on magnitude of effect age exposure to psychological development. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims comprehensively synthesize literature depression quantitatively compare sizes across groups. Electronic databases grey up April 6th, 2022, were searched for English-language studies. Studies included if they: 1) provided information age; 2) statistical indicators examine depression. Fifty-eight articles met eligibility criteria in meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses conducted based subtypes measurements Any kind (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.17, 95% CI 0.15–0.18), physical abuse (r =0.13, 0.10–0.15), sexual 0.18, 0.15–0.21), emotional CI=0.11–0.23), neglect 0.08, CI=0.06–0.11) associated an increased risk Significant differential effects found groups (Q 34.81, p < 0.001). Age middle (6–13 years) had highest followed by late (12–19 early (0–6 years). Implications provide robust support targeting victimized children all ages paying closer attention those effectively reduce

Язык: Английский

---

The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Young adulthood is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Due to the unique pressures of taking on new social role associated uncertainties, young adults are at heightened risk for drug alcohol use. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases likelihood using maladaptive coping strategies such as substances avoid or soothe negative emotions. The current review aimed summarize associations exposure ACEs before age 18 years subsequent use ages 25 years.The was performed in accordance with 2020 Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. literature search Web Science, PubMed, PsycINFO databases conducted February 2022.The initial yielded 7178 articles, 777 duplicates. Consequently, 6401 titles were inspected relevance. After reading full text, 88 articles included review.This provides clear evidence that multiple robust factor alcohol, cannabis other drugs by adults. Poor self-regulation identified mechanisms explaining this link; however, further detailed research needed.

Язык: Английский

---

Development and validation of the Dimensional Inventory of Stress and Trauma Across the Lifespan (DISTAL): A novel assessment tool to facilitate the dimensional study of psychobiological sequelae of exposure to adversity

Developmental Psychobiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 65(4)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Abstract Decades of research underscore the profound impact adversity on brain and behavioral development. Recent theoretical models have highlighted importance considering specific features that may dissociable effects at distinct developmental timepoints. However, existing measures do not query these dimensions in sufficient detail to support proliferation this approach. The Dimensional Inventory Stress Trauma Across Lifespan (DISTAL) was developed with aim thoroughly retrospectively assess timing, severity (of exposure reaction), type, persons involved, controllability, predictability, threat, deprivation, proximity, betrayal, discrimination inherent an individual's adversity. Here, we introduce instrument, present descriptive statistics drawn from a sample N = 187 adults who completed DISTAL, provide initial information about its psychometric properties. This novel measure facilitates expansion focused assessing relative key behavior across

Язык: Английский

---

Person-centered methods to advance developmental psychopathology

Development and Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Abstract Dante Cicchetti’s remarkable contributions to the field of developmental psychopathology include advancement key principles such as interplay typical and atypical development, multifinality equifinality, dynamic processes resilience, integration multiple levels analysis into theories. In this paper we assert that person-centered data analytic methods are particularly well-suited advancing these tenets psychopathology. We illustrate their utility with a brief novel empirical study focused on underlying patterns childhood neuroendocrine regulation prospective links emerging adult functioning. Results indicate profile marked by high diurnal cortisol paired low DHEA was uniquely associated more adaptive functioning in adulthood. discuss findings, broadly, within future

Язык: Английский

---

The trauma experiences of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Developmental outcomes utilizing a threat/deprivation child adversity framework

Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(9), С. 1722 - 1735

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Abstract Background Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) experience heightened rates of childhood trauma and adversity. Research has examined the negative impact adverse experiences have on developmental outcomes. This study aims to take field a step further by examining details traumatic events, including duration, perpetrator, whether event significantly impacted child, subtype. Subtype is using threat/deprivation dimensions their relation child behavior caregiver‐child relationship. Methods A sample 84 children aged 4–12 FASD, all in out‐of‐home placements, families took part an emotion coaching intervention study. At baseline, caregivers completed questionnaires assessing trauma, regulation behavior, caregiver socialization, relationships. We used analysis covariance examine differing impacts threat, deprivation, combination two behavioral outcomes, while controlling for age. also Pearson's r correlations, age, duration threat or deprivation exposure was related Results Descriptive statistics showed that 87.5% individuals experienced three more subtypes trauma. The average 1.62 years, mean onset 3.94 years. Biological parents were most common perpetrator. There worse relationship outcomes experiencing demonstrated longer associated greater cognitive difficulties. Conclusions found unique patterns FASD when analyzing through framework. both leads overall. Additionally, vital surrounding point crucial areas intervention,

Язык: Английский

---

Addressing the Complex Links between Psychopathy and Childhood Maltreatment, Emotion Regulation, and Aggression—A Network Analysis in Adults

Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 115 - 115

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024

Childhood maltreatment is the strongest predictor of psychopathology and personality disorders across lifespan strongly associated with a variety psychological problems, namely, mood anxiety disorders, behavioral substance abuse, aggression, self-harm. In this study, we aim to provide comprehensive picture interplay between different traits psychopathy distinct dimensions childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, aggression. Using cross-sectional design, employed correlational network analysis explore nomological sample-based estimate population parameters reflecting direction, strength, patterns relationships variables. The sample consisted 846 adults (71% females) who completed questionnaires measuring psychopathy, results highlight that disinhibition are closest attributes early experiences abuse (but not neglect) in correlate all regulation difficulties, being specifically reactive Neglect was unique attribute meanness, widespread correlations difficulties but also an increased ability engage goal-directed behavior. Physical only dimension adversity found be intercorrelated boldness emotional psychopathic trait. No significant associations were boldness, aggression once shared variance controlled. These discussed terms their implication for research clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

---

Early life adverse experiences and loneliness among young adults: The mediating role of social processes

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2022

Loneliness has been described as endemic among young people. Such feelings of social isolation 'even in a crowd' are likely linked to adverse early life experiences that serve diminish perceptions support and intensify negative interactions. It was suggested the present series survey studies childhood abuse, which compromises child's sense safety relationships, may affect processes contribute loneliness adulthood. Study 1 assessed different adult relation adults (N = 171). Linear regression analyses indicated abuse uniquely associated with greater loneliness, this relationship partially mediated by perceived availability support. 2 289) forms demonstrated emotional unique predictor fully lower or value connections (social connectedness) more frequent unsupportive interactions friends. 3 evaluated implications age occurrence 566). Both sexual predicted regardless age; recalled have occurred at very ages (0-5 years) not predictive over above consideration events happened older childhood. These relationships were least support, connectedness, case Our results add mounting evidence pointing prevalence links shape appraisals safety, value, personal worth relationships.

Язык: Английский

---

Childhood maltreatment and subsequent depressive symptoms: a prospective study of the sequential mediating role of self-esteem and internalizing/externalizing problems

BMC Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2023

Abstract Background Depression among adolescents is a seriously disabling public health problem with an extremely high prevalence. Identifying risk factors of depression at early stage important to reduce the disease burden. Childhood maltreatment (CM) one major for depression. The key mediating processes that how CM affects development depression, however, still need further clarification. present study tested effect self-esteem, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems between depressive symptoms. Potential sex differences in foregoing associations were also explored. Methods A three-wave longitudinal was carried out 1,957 middle school students from 69 classes 10 schools Guangdong province China. Data collection started when grades 7 (median age: 13.0, range: 11–18) January April 2019, followed up once year thereafter. Self-reported CM, symptoms, other demographics collected. multiple serial mediation analysis conducted. Results We found positively related subsequent as well while self-esteem negatively Serial indicated (mediator 1) 2) sequentially mediated path symptoms overall male population. Moreover, mediator 2, acted partial association males, whereas played complete role females. Conclusion Findings revealed influence on independent role. In addition, be taken into consideration designing prevention intervention strategies, given different psychosocial boys girls.

Язык: Английский

---