Mindfulness and Behavior Change

Harvard Review of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(6), С. 371 - 394

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2020

Abstract Initiating and maintaining behavior change is key to the prevention treatment of most preventable chronic medical psychiatric illnesses. The cultivation mindfulness, involving acceptance nonjudgment present-moment experience, often results in transformative health change. Neural systems involved motivation learning have an important role play. A theoretical model mindfulness that integrates these mechanisms with cognitive, emotional, self-related processes commonly described, while applying integrated change, needed. This integrative review (1) defines describes mindfulness-based intervention movement, (2) synthesizes neuroscience within a mindful self-regulation for understanding complex effects on (3) current clinical research evaluating interventions targeting behaviors relevant care. provides insight into limitations proposes potential be tested future targeted practice enhance impact

Язык: Английский

---

Capturing and Understanding Workers’ Activities in Far‐Field Surveillance Videos with Deep Action Recognition and Bayesian Nonparametric Learning

Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 34(4), С. 333 - 351

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2018

Abstract Recording workers’ activities is an important, but burdensome, management task for site supervisors. The last decade has seen a growing trend toward vision‐based activity recognition. However, recognizing in far‐field surveillance videos understudied. This study proposes hierarchical statistical method videos. consists of two steps. First, deep action recognition was used to recognize actions, and new fusion strategy proposed consider the characteristics with achieved comparable performance (0.84 average accuracy) on data set contrast original public sets. Second, Bayesian nonparametric hidden semi‐Markov model innovatively infer based sequences. latent states fitted captured terms state duration distributions transition distributions, which are indispensable understanding time allocation. It been preliminarily illustrated that information learned by possesses potential implement objective work sampling, personal physical fatigue monitoring, trade‐level health risk assessment, process‐based quality control. Also, limitations this discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

Surprise, value and control in anterior cingulate cortex during speeded decision-making

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(4), С. 412 - 422

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Neural Coding of Cognitive Control: The Representational Similarity Analysis Approach

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 25(7), С. 622 - 638

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Prefrontal-hippocampal interactions supporting the extinction of emotional memories: the retrieval stopping model

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47(1), С. 180 - 195

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2021

Abstract Neuroimaging has revealed robust interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus when people stop memory retrieval. Efforts to retrieval can arise encounter reminders unpleasant thoughts they prefer not think about. Retrieval stopping suppresses hippocampal amygdala activity, especially cues elicit aversive intrusions, via a broad inhibitory control capacity enabling prepotent response suppression. Repeated reduces intrusions of memories diminishes their affective tone, outcomes resembling those achieved by extinction conditioned emotional responses. Despite this resemblance, role fronto-hippocampal broadly in received little attention. Here we integrate human animal research on stopping. We argue that reconceptualising mnemonic with learning would yield greater understanding extinction’s relevance mental health. hypothesize fear spontaneously engages across species, controlled suppression activity fearful thoughts. Moreover, recruits circuitry achieve affect regulation, linking how humans cope intrusive discuss novel hypotheses derived from theoretical synthesis.

Язык: Английский

---

Decomposing the Motivation to Exert Mental Effort

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(4), С. 307 - 314

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2021

Achieving most goals demands cognitive control, yet people vary widely in their success at meeting these demands. While motivation is known to be fundamental determining successes, what determines one's perform a given task remains poorly understood. Here, we describe recent efforts towards addressing this question using the Expected Value of Control model, which simulates process by weigh costs and benefits exerting mental effort. By functionally decomposing cost-benefit analysis, model has been used fill gaps our understanding mechanisms effort generate novel predictions about sources variability real-world performance. We discuss opportunities provides for formalizing hypotheses why tasks, as well limitations ability test based on measure

Язык: Английский

---

Cognitive control, motivation and fatigue: A cognitive neuroscience perspective

Brain and Cognition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 160, С. 105880 - 105880

Опубликована: Май 23, 2022

The present article provides a unified systematic account of the role cognitive control, motivation and dopamine pathways in relation to development fatigue. Since fatigue is considered be one aspect general control system that manages goal activity service motivational requirements (Hockey, 2011), our focus also broader than itself. paper shall therefore first on motivation-control interactions at level networks brain. A network argued play critical shaping goal-directed behavior, conjunction with systems energize network. Furthermore, as implemented brain provide an important element elucidate how decision making weighs both anticipated benefits costs operations, optimal suboptimal conditions such mental further sketches affects connectivity large-scale during effortful exercition, particular high-cost long striatal-cortical pathways, leading global reduction integration brain's architecture. resulting neural state within these then enters interoceptive information perform cost-benefit calculations. Based notions we propose unifying model, inspired by influential insights from current neuroscience literature changes perform. model specifies reward value, effort aspects task performance converge medial prefrontal cortex calculate net value stimuli select appropriate actions.

Язык: Английский

---

Cognitive Control as a Multivariate Optimization Problem

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(4), С. 569 - 591

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

A hallmark of adaptation in humans and other animals is our ability to control how we think behave across different settings. Research has characterized the various forms cognitive can take-including enhancement goal-relevant information, suppression goal-irrelevant overall inhibition potential responses-and identified computations neural circuits that underpin this multitude types. Studies have also a wide range situations elicit adjustments allocation (e.g., those eliciting signals indicating an error or increased processing conflict), but rules governing when given situation will give rise adjustment remain poorly understood. Significant progress recently been made on front by casting as decision-making problem. This approach developed unifying normative models prescribe change incentives task demands result changes form control. Despite their successes, these models, experiments test them, yet face greatest challenge: deciding select among multiplicity configurations take at any time. Here, lay out complexities inverse problem inherent allocation, close parallels problems within motor choosing between redundant limb movements). We discuss existing solutions control's drawn from optimal theory, which proposed effort costs act regularize actions transform planning into well-posed These same principles may help shed light brains optimize over complex configuration, while providing new perspective origins mental effort.

Язык: Английский

---

Adolescent Development of Value-Guided Goal Pursuit

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 22(8), С. 725 - 736

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2018

Язык: Английский

---

Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Encodes the Integrated Incentive Motivational Value of Cognitive Task Performance

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(16), С. 3707 - 3720

Опубликована: Март 11, 2021

Humans can seamlessly combine value signals from diverse motivational incentives, yet it is not well understood how these are “bundled” in the brain to modulate cognitive control. The dorsal ACC (dACC) theorized integrate dimensions service of goal-directed action, although this hypothesis has receive rigorous confirmation. In present study, we examined role human dACC incentive integration. Healthy young adult men and women were scanned with fMRI while engaged an experimental paradigm that quantifies combined effects liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) monetary incentives on task performance. Monetary modulated trial-by-trial activation, whereas block-related activity observed. When bundled together, incentive-related modulation predicted fluctuations both performance self-report motivation ratings. Statistical mediation analyses suggest encoded terms their integrated subjective value, signal was most proximally associated Finally, confirmed integration selectively dACC. Together, results support account which integrates compute expected SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How primary secondary influence behavior? Using innovative combines have historically been studied independently between species rewards for humans, food animals), examine relationship control allocation. We find evidence ACC. Further, self-reported shifts mediated incentive-modulated performance, revealing convergence experimentally induced brain. Our findings may inform future translational studies examining affective/motivational impairments psychopathology anxiety, depression, addiction).

Язык: Английский

---