The neural network RTNet exhibits the signatures of human perceptual decision-making

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(9), С. 1752 - 1770

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Premature commitment to uncertain decisions during human NMDA receptor hypofunction

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

Abstract Making accurate decisions based on unreliable sensory evidence requires cognitive inference. Dysfunction of n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors impairs the integration noisy input in theoretical models neural circuits, but whether and how this synaptic alteration human inference confidence during uncertain remains unknown. Here we use placebo-controlled infusions ketamine to characterize causal effect NMDA receptor hypofunction its correlates. At behavioral level, triggers errors elevated decision uncertainty. is associated with imbalanced coding premature response preparation electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Through computational modeling confidence, propose that specific pattern impairments reflects an early commitment inaccurate decisions, which aims at resolving abnormal uncertainty generated by hypofunction.

Язык: Английский

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The autocorrelated Bayesian sampler: A rational process for probability judgments, estimates, confidence intervals, choices, confidence judgments, and response times.

Psychological Review, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 131(2), С. 456 - 493

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

Normative models of decision-making that optimally transform noisy (sensory) information into categorical decisions qualitatively mismatch human behavior. Indeed, leading computational have only achieved high empirical corroboration by adding task-specific assumptions deviate from normative principles. In response, we offer a Bayesian approach implicitly produces posterior distribution possible answers (hypotheses) in response to sensory information. But assume the brain has no direct access this posterior, but can

Язык: Английский

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Expecting the unexpected: a review of learning under uncertainty across development

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(3), С. 718 - 738

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Abstract Many of our decisions take place under uncertainty. To successfully navigate the environment, individuals need to estimate degree uncertainty and adapt their behaviors accordingly by learning from experiences. However, is a broad construct distinct types may differentially influence learning. We provide semi-systematic review illustrate cognitive neurobiological processes involved in two uncertainty: environments with stochastic outcomes, volatile outcomes. specifically reviewed studies ( N = 26 studies) that included an adolescent population, because adolescence period life characterized heightened exploration learning, as well due experiencing many new, often social, environments. Until now, reviews have not comprehensively compared uncertainties this age range. Our main findings show although overall developmental patterns were mixed, most indicate indicated increased accuracy performance, improved age. also found adolescents tended advantage adults children when discuss potential mechanisms explaining these age-related differences conclude outlining future research directions.

Язык: Английский

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Similar computational noise for perceptual decision making with confidence, expectation, and reward

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Mounting evidence suggests that a critical source of corruption in perceptual decision making is computational noise. However, it remains unclear whether similar noise appears different types decisions. Here we examined metacognitive – type hypothesized to only affect type-2 confidence ratings also type-1 decisions biased by expectations or rewards. Subjects (N=271) performed simple discrimination task and conditions provided confidence, incorporated expectation reward cues. Metacognitive manifests as decrease sensitivity (d') when computed based on criteria compared the criterion. We first replicated this drop with ratings. Critically, found equivalent drops for both cues, regardless cues were presented before after stimulus. A model single underlies expectation, reproduced these results. These findings suggest existence involving reward, thus suggesting common principles across

Язык: Английский

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Neural excitability and sensory input determine intensity perception with opposing directions in initial cortical responses

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

Perception of sensory information is determined by stimulus features (e.g., intensity) and instantaneous neural states excitability). Commonly, it assumed that both are reflected similarly in evoked brain potentials, is, larger amplitudes associated with a stronger percept stimulus. We tested this assumption somatosensory discrimination task humans, simultaneously assessing (i) single-trial excitatory post-synaptic currents inferred from short-latency potentials (SEPs), (ii) pre-stimulus alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz), (iii) peripheral nerve measures. Fluctuations excitability shaped the perceived intensity already during very first cortical response (at ~20 ms) yet demonstrating opposite signatures as compared to effect presented intensity. reconcile discrepancy via common framework based on modulation electro-chemical membrane gradients linking responses, which calls for reconsidering conventional interpretations potential magnitudes encoding.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptive tuning of human learning and choice variability to unexpected uncertainty

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(13)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Human value–based decisions are notably variable under uncertainty. This variability is known to arise from two distinct sources: choices aimed at exploring available options and imprecise learning of option values due limited cognitive resources. However, whether these sources decision tuned their specific costs benefits remains unclear. To address this question, we compared the effects expected unexpected uncertainty on decision-making in same reinforcement task. Across large behavioral datasets, found that humans choose more variably between but simultaneously learn less imprecisely response Using simulations agents, demonstrate opposite adjustments reflect adaptive tuning exploration precision structure Together, findings indicate regulate not only how much they explore uncertain also precisely options.

Язык: Английский

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A unified explanation of variability and bias in human probability judgments: How computational noise explains the mean–variance signature.

Journal of Experimental Psychology General, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 152(10), С. 2842 - 2860

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Human probability judgments are both variable and subject to systematic biases. Most judgment models treat variability bias separately: a deterministic model explains the origin of bias, which noise process is added generate variability. But these accounts do not explain characteristic inverse U-shaped signature linking mean variance in judgments. By contrast, based on sampling unified way: response an inevitable consequence basing small sample remembered or simulated instances events. We consider two recent models, biases explained either by accumulation being further corrupted retrieval (the Probability Theory + Noise account) as Bayesian adjustment uncertainty implicit samples sampler). While predictions closely mimic one another, they differ regarding predicted relationship between variance. show that can be distinguished novel linear regression method analyses this crucial mean-variance signature. First, efficacy established using recovery, demonstrating it more accurately recovers parameters than complex approaches. Second, applied existing new data, confirming number adjusted prior, sampler. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Язык: Английский

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Enriching Psychological Research by Exploring the Source and Nature of Noise

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

In psychological research, noise is often considered a nuisance that obscures rather than contributes information. This simplification overlooks can be informative and by exploring the nature of one draw additional conclusions concerning underlying processes. It arguably only in recent years mainstream researchers has taken this idea to heart demonstrated it lead breakthroughs understanding human behavior. The aim special section showcase some ways which systematic exploration achieved how enrich research. introductory article, we introduce treating as endogenous opposed exogenous theoretical statistical models phenomena. We then contribute historical review role including discussions previous treatments literature. As an illustration, describe our own research on precise/not precise model show distributions used delineate analytic intuitive modes reasoning. Finally, briefly other contributions section.

Язык: Английский

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Disentangling sources of variability in decision-making

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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