Prediction and control of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ventilated context: from source to receptor

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 76, С. 103416 - 103416

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Viral respiratory infections in a rapidly changing climate: the need to prepare for the next pandemic

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 93, С. 104593 - 104593

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics, with their transmission influenced by climate conditions. Despite the risks posed novel VRIs, relationships between change VRIs remain poorly understood. In this review, we synthesized existing literature to explore connections changes in meteorological conditions, extreme weather events, long-term warming, outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics of from an interdisciplinary perspective. We proposed a comprehensive conceptual framework highlighting potential biological, socioeconomic, ecological mechanisms underlying impact on VRIs. Our findings suggested that increases risk VRI emergence affecting biology viruses, host susceptibility, human behavior, environmental conditions both society ecosystems. Further research is needed address dual challenge pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Distribution of droplets/droplet nuclei from coughing and breathing of patients with different postures in a hospital isolation ward

Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 225, С. 109690 - 109690

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms via road dust: Emissions, characterization, health risks, and mitigation measures

Atmospheric Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1), С. 101642 - 101642

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Objective Children who start in day-care have 2–4 times as many respiratory infections compared to children are cared for at home, and staff among the employees with highest absenteeism. The extensive new knowledge that has been generated COVID-19 era should be used prevention measures we prioritize. purpose of this narrative review is answer questions: Which viruses most significant centers similar indoor environments? What do know about transmission route these viruses? evidence there effectiveness different non-pharmaceutical measures? Design Literature searches terms related humans, mitigation strategies, viral mechanisms, special focus on day-care, kindergarten or child nurseries, were conducted PubMed database Web Science. Searches each main combination transmission, infectivity, infectious spread separately supplemented through references articles retrieved. Results Five found responsible ≈95% infections: rhinovirus, (RV), influenza virus (IV), syncytial (RSV), coronavirus (CoV), adenovirus (AdV). Novel research, emerged during pandemic, suggests primarily transmitted an airborne manner carried by aerosols (microdroplets). Conclusion Since dominant common viruses, important preventive consist better air quality reduces concentrations viability appropriate ventilation strategies. Furthermore, control relative humidity temperature, which ensures optimal functionality and, together low resident density (or mask use) increased time outdoors, can reduce occurrence infections.

Язык: Английский

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Size distribution and relationship of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA to indoor aerosol in hospital ward environments

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Abstract Aerosol particles proved to play a key role in airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Therefore, their size-fractionated collection and analysis is invaluable. However, aerosol sampling COVID departments not straightforward, especially the sub-500-nm size range. In this study, particle number concentrations were measured with high temporal resolution using an optical counter, several 8 h daytime sample sets collected simultaneously on gelatin filters cascade impactors two different hospital wards during both alpha delta variants concern periods. Due large (152) samples, RNA copies could be statistically analyzed over wide range diameters (70–10 µm). Our results revealed that most likely exist 0.5–4 µm aerodynamic diameter, but also ultrafine particles. Correlation particulate matter (PM) highlighted importance indoor medical activity. It was found daily maximum increment PM mass concentration correlated corresponding fractions. suggest resuspension from surrounding surfaces important source present air rooms.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms controlling the transport and evaporation of human exhaled respiratory droplets containing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 1701 - 1727

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

Transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 is still ongoing despite mass vaccination, lockdowns, and other drastic measures to control pandemic. This due partly our lack understanding on multiphase flow mechanics that droplet transport viral transmission dynamics. Various models evaporation have been reported, yet there limited knowledge about influence physicochemical parameters respiratory droplets carrying severe acute syndrome 2. Here we review effects initial size, environmental conditions, virus mutation, non-volatile components dispersion, stability. We present experimental computational methods analyze transport, factors controlling evaporation. Methods include thermal manikins, techniques, aerosol-generating nucleic acid-based assays, antibody-based polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, field-effect transistor-based assay, discrete gas-phase modeling. Controlling turbulence, ventilation, ambient temperature, relative humidity, size distribution, components, mutation. Current results show medium-sized droplets, e.g., 50 µm, are sensitive humidity. Medium-sized experience delayed at high increase airborne lifetime travel distance. By contrast, low quickly shrink nuclei follow cough jet. Virus inactivation within a few hours generally occurs temperatures above 40 °C, presence particles in aerosols impedes

Язык: Английский

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Water evaporation from solute-containing aerosol droplets: Effects of internal concentration and diffusivity profiles and onset of crust formation

Physics of Fluids, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

The evaporation of droplets is an important process not only in industrial and scientific applications, but also the airborne transmission viruses other infectious agents. We derive analytical semi-analytical solutions coupled heat mass diffusion equations within a spherical droplet ambient vapor phase that describe aqueous free containing nonvolatile solutes. Our results demonstrate solute-induced water vapor-pressure reduction considerably slows down dominates solute-concentration dependence time. evaporation-induced enhanced solute concentration near surface, which accounted for using two-stage description, found to further slow-down drying process. On hand, presence solutes produce lower limit size can be reached by and, also, reduce cooling droplet, tend decrease Overall, first two effects are dominant, meaning time increases Local variation diffusivity inside its consequence coefficient, does significantly change Crust formation on surface final equilibrium producing hollow particle, outer radius determined as well.

Язык: Английский

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The evolution of needle-trap devices with focus on aerosol investigations

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 153, С. 116643 - 116643

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Assessing suspension and infectivity times of virus-loaded aerosols involved in airborne transmission

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(32)

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Airborne transmission occurs through droplet-mediated transport of viruses following the expulsion an aerosol by infected host. Transmission efficiency results from interplay between virus survival in drying droplet and suspension time air, controlled coupling water evaporation sedimentation. Furthermore, droplets are made a respiratory fluid thus, display complex composition consisting nonvolatile solutes. Here, we quantify impact this on different phenomena underlying transmission. Solutes lead to nonideal thermodynamic behavior, which sets equilibrium size that is independent relative humidity. In contrast, solutes do not significantly hinder due their low initial concentration. Realistic times computed increase with increasing humidity or decreasing temperature. By uncoupling suspended stages, observe enveloped may remain infectious for hours dried droplets. However, infectivity decreases temperature after dozens minutes. Examining expelled distributions light these leads distinguishing two aerosols. Most measure 0 40 µm compose remains hours. Its infectivity, Larger form only minutes but corresponds much larger volume viral load. time,

Язык: Английский

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