Physiology Evolves Convergently but Lags Behind Warming in Cities

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 64(2), С. 402 - 413

Опубликована: Май 6, 2024

Cities, through the generation of urban heat islands, provide a venue for exploring contemporary convergent evolution to climatic warming. We quantified how repeatable tolerance, cold and body size was among diverse lineages in response islands. Our study revealed significant shifts toward higher tolerance diminished populations. further found that magnitude trait divergence significantly positively associated with island, suggesting temperature played major role observed thermal tolerance. Despite these trends, responses lagged behind environmental Heat exhibited deficit 0.84°C every 1°C increase warming, limits on adaptive consequent adaptational lags. Other moderators were predictive greater including lower baseline size. Although terrestrial species did not exhibit systematic larger or smaller size, aquatic habitats. demonstrates cities can be used address long-standing questions evolutionary biology regarding repeatability evolution. Importantly, this work also shows as forecasting tools by quantifying lags developing trait-based associations

Язык: Английский

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Urbanization shapes phenotypic selection of fruit traits in a seed-dispersal mutualism

Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 77(8), С. 1769 - 1779

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

Abstract Urbanization is currently one of the trademarks Anthropocene, accelerating evolutionary processes and reshaping ecological interactions over short time scales. Species represent a fundamental pillar diversity that being altered globally by anthropogenic change. Urban environments, despite their potential impact, have seldom been studied in relation to how they shape natural selection phenotypic traits multispecies interactions. Using seed-dispersal mutualism as study system, we estimated regime magnitude exerted frugivores on fruit seed across three plant populations with different degrees urbanization (urban, semiurban, rural). weakened via an indirect positive impact production fitness and, lesser extent, through direct effect species visitation rates. Our results show urban ecosystems may affect multifarious term highlight role humans shaping eco-evolutionary dynamics

Язык: Английский

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Keep your cool: Overwintering physiology in response to urbanization in the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus

Journal of Thermal Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 114, С. 103591 - 103591

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(2), С. 324 - 333

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023

Abstract The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species assemblages. To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 across two heterogeneous habitats within city in Nigeria. Next, constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand differential responses butterfly changes environmental conditions habitats. Butterfly assemblages significantly differed between habitats, higher savannah woodland compared gallery forest due optimal daily temperatures woodland. However, richness was lower extreme conditions. This study highlights possibly responding local microclimates heterogeneity For evidence‐based conservation management biodiversity, there would be need for long‐term, extensive systematic insect monitoring programme disturbed undisturbed fragmented harbouring species.

Язык: Английский

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Plant responses to urban gradients: Extinction, plasticity, adaptation

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(12), С. 2861 - 2875

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity‐oriented urban management and planning require information on the drivers of wildlife composition ecosystem function within cities. Urban landscapes impose environmental gradients along which species may be filtered away, or respond by showing adaptive variation in functional trait values. Such turn due to a species' phenotypic plasticity, consequence microevolution leading local adaptation. This study investigates three possible plant responses gradients, with different evolutionary consequences: extinction, plasticity We assessed whether individual traits (LMA—leaf mass per area, height flower length), population performance (seed germination rate), as well frequency community, responded mowing frequency, soil fertility structure, temperature surrounding mean building height, among four herbaceous present metropolitan area Strasbourg. Using common garden experiment, we tested observed was hereditary, thus constitute evidence for Our results detected types expected responses. Plantago lanceolata is plastic Trifolium pratense showed both hereditary Dactylis glomerata Medicago lupulina all responses: they declined under increasing were gradients. therefore impact capabilities plants In case this highlighted trends response mowing. The consequences are evidenced eliciting most often Synthesis . Herbaceous change their morphology conditions: grass cutting, altered soils, warmer temperatures being surrounded tightly packed buildings. These changes sometimes suggests that city affect ability survive evolve environments.

Язык: Английский

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Determinants of rapid adaptation in species with large variance in offspring production

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(10)

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Abstract The speed of population adaptation to changing biotic and abiotic environments is determined by the interaction between genetic drift, positive selection linkage effects. Many marine species (fish, crustaceans), invertebrates pathogens humans crops, exhibit sweepstakes reproduction characterized production a very large amount offspring (fecundity phase) from which only small fraction may survive next generation (viability phase). Using stochastic simulations, we investigate whether occurrence affects efficiency positively selected unlinked locus, thus, since fecundity and/or viability have distinguishable consequences on mutation rate, probability fixation time advantageous alleles. We observe that mean number mutations at always function size, but variance increases with stronger when occur in parents. On one hand, magnifies effect drift thus increasing neutral allele decreasing other (as well as neutral) alleles shortened reproduction. Importantly, different probabilities times under intermediate weak Finally, both strong display synergistic selection. conclude measuring modelling accurately are crucial predict adaptive potential

Язык: Английский

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Variation inPheidole nodus(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) functional morphology across urban parks

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. e15679 - e15679

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

Habitat fragmentation and consequent population isolation in urban areas can impose significant selection pressures on individuals species confined to islands, such as parks. Despite many comparative studies the diversity structure of ant community living areas, ants' responses these highly variable ecosystems are often based assemblage composition interspecific mean trait values, which ignore potential for high intraspecific functional variation among individuals.Here, we examined differences traits populations generalist Pheidole nodus fragmented between We used pitfall trapping, is more random objective than sampling colonies directly, despite a trade-off against sample size. then tested whether trait-filtering could explain phenotypic park populations, different parks exhibited optima, leading positional shifts anatomical morphospace through regional meta-population.Intraspecific morphological differentiation was evident across this region. Populations had convex hull volumes, positioned differently over morphospace.Fragmentation habitat degradation reduced and, ultimately, changed optima landscape. Considering broad taxonomic their important role ecosystems, further work variety taxa necessary ascertain those varied response pathways operating segregation environments.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic and plastic responses of insects to climate change

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 65 - 88

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

Abstract Selection on standing heritable variation and novel mutations can fuel adaptive evolutionary responses to climate change in insect morphology, behavior, physiology life history. Although adaptation has been regarded as a slow process, more recent studies highlight that insects have the potential adapt rapidly climatic challenges. However, most also show environment-dependent trait expression (i.e., phenotypic plasticity), which affect phenotypes within an individual’s lifetime. While such be adaptive, they may hamper environmental change. In addition, plasticity itself evolve bias evolution via genetic accommodation. The interactions between plastic are therefore manifold complex. Integrating quantitative developmental perspectives, this chapter illustrates of Special focus is placed role accommodation evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptive Divergence and Radiations: Insights From Evo-Devo

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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An olfactory model for evaluating the larviposition preference of a vector fly

Insect Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024

Dear editor, Insects have evolved various traits to adapt their environments, and these been shaped by evolutionary history (Forister et al., 2012). are becoming increasingly adapted artificial industrial products in the Anthropocene era (Henry 2012; Diamond 2022). For example, species such as Sarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), which often observed kitchens, deposit larvae on soy sauces, this has had a negative effect viability of products, especially sub-tropical regions (Khoso 2015). The unique larviposition behavior female S. is rarely other egg-laying insects (McCall, 2002). This spawning strategy requires be capable rapidly evaluating suitability potential media for development offspring process largely governed insect's olfactory system, relies odorant cues from media, indoles emitted carrion; odorants also attract flesh flies (Park & Cork, 1999; Wasserman Itagaki, 2003; Yan 2018). However, identifying volatile blends that can serve indicators determining attractiveness indices major challenge (Späthe 2013). sauces habitats (carrion feces) spp. distinct, volatiles intricately linked brewing technology used production (Bänziger Pape, 2004; Lee 2006, 2019). Identifying key females allocate larviposit within could provide information with implications strategies aimed at improving without compromising flavor nutrient profiles (Zhou 2021). In study, we developed an model using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) headspace across range (Table S1), coupled behavioral assays. We collected vicinity campus, identity was verified COI barcode (Fig. S1). T-maze bioassay device described previous study (Ebrahim 2023) assess gravid adults S2A). Ten sauce including 9 light dark BTLC, were obtain fly attraction calibrations completed rounds S1, Fig. S2B–J). Each calibrator product adjust rankings during tests excluded subsequent rounds. final ranking determined assays, cross-checked obtained SPME GC–MS identical 1). BTLC not most attractive females, suggesting content nutrients lower than (Kamal 2016). more abundant all tested S3). suggests play significant role attracting flies, complement taste stimuli product. Odorant processed through MetaboAnalyst 6.0 (RRID:SCR_015539) pipeline. Key correlation matrix 10 positively correlated rankings. Four negatively 2). Further regression analysis showed 5 compounds significantly associated products. Ethanol rankings, 1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sorbic acid, thiophene, 2-methyl-, trans, trans-3,5-heptadien-2-one S4). Saccharide metabolites, particularly ethanol ethyl acetate, identified affect preferences fermented (Isern Increased concentrations heightened dux, consistent observation common regulator Diptera (Shohat-Ophir Devineni Heberlein, 2013; Kleiber 2014). excessively high levels prove fatal larvae; thus, likely rely integrated (Geer 1989). Some low-ethanol still exhibited attractiveness, indicating combinations (Haverkamp Finally, assessed blind involving newly selected trapping arena 4A). Comparison outcomes estimates revealed matching trends between actual results estimated females. Soy ranked higher tended show increased counts 4B). Additionally, model's calculated chemical 4C, Data Female oviposition involves multiple pathways antennal lobe glomeruli (Varela 2011; Bisch-Knaden Higher proportions might guide but exclusively determine decisions given correlations attractiveness. specific engage distinct neural circuits thus possibly deter selecting particular site larviposition, shown (Stensmyr Lastly, low participation both tests, less preferred substrates compared natural carrion. dux–soy communication system economically food industry further study. Sorbic acid widely preservative, 2-ethyl- indoor pollutant (Troller Olsen, 1967; Wakayama They may utilized repellent prevent larvipositing, effects safety, should evaluated. Our insect-deterring raises concerns regarding broader impacts. Therefore, investigation into larval essential clarifying human livelihoods. distinctive cluster differed animal or flower odors hosts controlled traditional stimuli, ethanol, additives, acid. Exploring perception interaction streamline quality control. provides practical pipeline insects. Generally, our findings inspire how urban environments activities. supported National R&D Program China (2023YFC2606900), Distinguished Foreign Experts Introduction MOST (G2023030037L), Customs Research Project (2021HK165), GDAS Special Science Technology Development (2022GDASZH-2022010106). thank Liwen Bianji (Edanz) (www.liwenbianji.cn) providing language editing article. All authors seen agree contents manuscript there no conflict interest, financial interest relationships affiliations relevant subject manuscript. S1 Identification lured sequencing. S2 olfactometer assay toward S3 Volatile S4 individual Table Detailed samples Information selection 21 construct model. Volatilities markers. Please note: publisher responsible functionality any supporting supplied authors. Any queries (other missing content) directed corresponding author

Язык: Английский

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