Physiology Evolves Convergently but Lags Behind Warming in Cities

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 64(2), P. 402 - 413

Published: May 6, 2024

Cities, through the generation of urban heat islands, provide a venue for exploring contemporary convergent evolution to climatic warming. We quantified how repeatable tolerance, cold and body size was among diverse lineages in response islands. Our study revealed significant shifts toward higher tolerance diminished populations. further found that magnitude trait divergence significantly positively associated with island, suggesting temperature played major role observed thermal tolerance. Despite these trends, responses lagged behind environmental Heat exhibited deficit 0.84°C every 1°C increase warming, limits on adaptive consequent adaptational lags. Other moderators were predictive greater including lower baseline size. Although terrestrial species did not exhibit systematic larger or smaller size, aquatic habitats. demonstrates cities can be used address long-standing questions evolutionary biology regarding repeatability evolution. Importantly, this work also shows as forecasting tools by quantifying lags developing trait-based associations

Language: Английский

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Urbanization shapes phenotypic selection of fruit traits in a seed-dispersal mutualism

Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(8), P. 1769 - 1779

Published: May 2, 2023

Abstract Urbanization is currently one of the trademarks Anthropocene, accelerating evolutionary processes and reshaping ecological interactions over short time scales. Species represent a fundamental pillar diversity that being altered globally by anthropogenic change. Urban environments, despite their potential impact, have seldom been studied in relation to how they shape natural selection phenotypic traits multispecies interactions. Using seed-dispersal mutualism as study system, we estimated regime magnitude exerted frugivores on fruit seed across three plant populations with different degrees urbanization (urban, semiurban, rural). weakened via an indirect positive impact production fitness and, lesser extent, through direct effect species visitation rates. Our results show urban ecosystems may affect multifarious term highlight role humans shaping eco-evolutionary dynamics

Language: Английский

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Keep your cool: Overwintering physiology in response to urbanization in the acorn ant, Temnothorax curvispinosus

Journal of Thermal Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 103591 - 103591

Published: May 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 324 - 333

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Abstract The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species assemblages. To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 across two heterogeneous habitats within city in Nigeria. Next, constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand differential responses butterfly changes environmental conditions habitats. Butterfly assemblages significantly differed between habitats, higher savannah woodland compared gallery forest due optimal daily temperatures woodland. However, richness was lower extreme conditions. This study highlights possibly responding local microclimates heterogeneity For evidence‐based conservation management biodiversity, there would be need for long‐term, extensive systematic insect monitoring programme disturbed undisturbed fragmented harbouring species.

Language: Английский

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Plant responses to urban gradients: Extinction, plasticity, adaptation

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(12), P. 2861 - 2875

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity‐oriented urban management and planning require information on the drivers of wildlife composition ecosystem function within cities. Urban landscapes impose environmental gradients along which species may be filtered away, or respond by showing adaptive variation in functional trait values. Such turn due to a species' phenotypic plasticity, consequence microevolution leading local adaptation. This study investigates three possible plant responses gradients, with different evolutionary consequences: extinction, plasticity We assessed whether individual traits (LMA—leaf mass per area, height flower length), population performance (seed germination rate), as well frequency community, responded mowing frequency, soil fertility structure, temperature surrounding mean building height, among four herbaceous present metropolitan area Strasbourg. Using common garden experiment, we tested observed was hereditary, thus constitute evidence for Our results detected types expected responses. Plantago lanceolata is plastic Trifolium pratense showed both hereditary Dactylis glomerata Medicago lupulina all responses: they declined under increasing were gradients. therefore impact capabilities plants In case this highlighted trends response mowing. The consequences are evidenced eliciting most often Synthesis . Herbaceous change their morphology conditions: grass cutting, altered soils, warmer temperatures being surrounded tightly packed buildings. These changes sometimes suggests that city affect ability survive evolve environments.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of rapid adaptation in species with large variance in offspring production

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(10)

Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract The speed of population adaptation to changing biotic and abiotic environments is determined by the interaction between genetic drift, positive selection linkage effects. Many marine species (fish, crustaceans), invertebrates pathogens humans crops, exhibit sweepstakes reproduction characterized production a very large amount offspring (fecundity phase) from which only small fraction may survive next generation (viability phase). Using stochastic simulations, we investigate whether occurrence affects efficiency positively selected unlinked locus, thus, since fecundity and/or viability have distinguishable consequences on mutation rate, probability fixation time advantageous alleles. We observe that mean number mutations at always function size, but variance increases with stronger when occur in parents. On one hand, magnifies effect drift thus increasing neutral allele decreasing other (as well as neutral) alleles shortened reproduction. Importantly, different probabilities times under intermediate weak Finally, both strong display synergistic selection. conclude measuring modelling accurately are crucial predict adaptive potential

Language: Английский

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Variation inPheidole nodus(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) functional morphology across urban parks

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e15679 - e15679

Published: July 18, 2023

Habitat fragmentation and consequent population isolation in urban areas can impose significant selection pressures on individuals species confined to islands, such as parks. Despite many comparative studies the diversity structure of ant community living areas, ants' responses these highly variable ecosystems are often based assemblage composition interspecific mean trait values, which ignore potential for high intraspecific functional variation among individuals.Here, we examined differences traits populations generalist Pheidole nodus fragmented between We used pitfall trapping, is more random objective than sampling colonies directly, despite a trade-off against sample size. then tested whether trait-filtering could explain phenotypic park populations, different parks exhibited optima, leading positional shifts anatomical morphospace through regional meta-population.Intraspecific morphological differentiation was evident across this region. Populations had convex hull volumes, positioned differently over morphospace.Fragmentation habitat degradation reduced and, ultimately, changed optima landscape. Considering broad taxonomic their important role ecosystems, further work variety taxa necessary ascertain those varied response pathways operating segregation environments.

Language: Английский

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Genetic and plastic responses of insects to climate change

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 65 - 88

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Selection on standing heritable variation and novel mutations can fuel adaptive evolutionary responses to climate change in insect morphology, behavior, physiology life history. Although adaptation has been regarded as a slow process, more recent studies highlight that insects have the potential adapt rapidly climatic challenges. However, most also show environment-dependent trait expression (i.e., phenotypic plasticity), which affect phenotypes within an individual’s lifetime. While such be adaptive, they may hamper environmental change. In addition, plasticity itself evolve bias evolution via genetic accommodation. The interactions between plastic are therefore manifold complex. Integrating quantitative developmental perspectives, this chapter illustrates of Special focus is placed role accommodation evolution.

Language: Английский

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Urban Insect Communities in the Neotropics: A Systematic Literature Review and a Green Path to Promote Biodiversity Conservation

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 163 - 188

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Adaptive Divergence and Radiations: Insights From Evo-Devo

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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