The
effects
of
environmental
stress
on
animal
life
are
gaining
importance
with
climate
change.
Diapause
is
a
dormancy
program
that
occurs
in
response
to
an
adverse
environment,
followed
by
resumption
development
and
reproduction
upon
the
return
favorable
conditions.
complex
trait,
so
we
leveraged
Drosophila
genetic
reference
panel
(DGRP)
lines
conducted
Genome-Wide
Association
Study
(GWAS)
characterize
basis
diapause.
We
assessed
post-diapause
non-diapause
fecundity
across
all
DGRP
lines.
GWAS
revealed
546
variants,
encompassing
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms,
insertions
deletions
associated
fecundity.
identified
291
candidate
diapause-associated
genes,
40
which
had
previously
been
89
candidates
were
more
than
one
SNP.
Gene
network
analysis
indicated
genes
primarily
linked
neuronal
reproductive
system
development.
Similarly,
comparison
results
from
other
fly
greatest
overlap
olfactory-behavior-associated
fecundity-and-lifespan-associated
genes.
An
RNAi
screen
top
two
Dip-
γ
Scribbler,
be
required
during
recovery
for
complemented
test
neurons
successful
found
although
amputation
antenna
little
no
effect
lifespan,
it
reduced
diapause
lifespan
postdiapause
further
show
olfactory
receptor
temperature-sensing
Our
provide
insights
into
molecular,
cellular,
adult
Drosophila.
The
effects
of
environmental
stress
on
animal
life
are
gaining
importance
with
climate
change.
Diapause
is
a
dormancy
program
that
occurs
in
response
to
an
adverse
environment,
followed
by
resumption
development
and
reproduction
upon
the
return
favorable
conditions.
complex
trait,
so
we
leveraged
Drosophila
genetic
reference
panel
(DGRP)
lines
conducted
Genome-Wide
Association
Study
(GWAS)
characterize
basis
diapause.
We
assessed
post-diapause
non-diapause
fecundity
across
193
DGRP
lines.
GWAS
revealed
546
variants,
encompassing
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms,
insertions
deletions
associated
fecundity.
identified
291
candidate
diapause-associated
genes,
40
which
had
previously
been
diapause,
89
were
more
than
one
SNP.
Gene
network
analysis
indicated
genes
primarily
linked
neuronal
reproductive
system
development.
Similarly,
comparison
results
from
other
fly
greatest
overlap
olfactory-behavior-associated
fecundity-and-lifespan-associated
genes.
An
RNAi
screen
selected
candidates
two
Dip-𝛾
Scribbler,
be
required
during
recovery
for
complemented
test
neurons
successful
found
although
amputation
antenna
little
no
effect
lifespan,
it
reduced
diapause
lifespan
postdiapause
further
show
olfactory
receptor
temperature-sensing
Our
provide
insights
into
molecular,
cellular,
adult
.
Pesticide-induced
resurgence,
increases
in
pest
insect
populations
following
pesticide
application,
is
a
serious
threat
to
the
sustainable
control
of
many
highly
damaging
crop
pests.
Resurgence
can
result
from
pesticide-enhanced
reproduction,
however,
molecular
mechanisms
mediating
this
process
remain
unresolved.
Here
we
show
that
brown
planthopper
(BPH)
resurgence
rice
crops
exposure
emamectin
benzoate
(EB)
results
coordinated
action
suite
genes
regulate
juvenile
hormone
(JH)
levels,
resulting
increased
JH
titer
adult
females
and
enhanced
fecundity.
We
demonstrate
EB
treatment
at
sublethal
levels
profound
changes
female
BPH
fitness
including
egg
maturation
oviposition.
This
reproductive
EB-mediated
upregulation
key
involved
regulation
JH,
JHAMT
Kr-h1
downregulation
allatostatin
(
AstA
)
receptor
AstAR
expression.
signaling
known
inhibit
production
corpora
allata
hence
diminishes
inhibitory
action.
find
gene
expression
are
caused
by
insecticide
on
its
target,
glutamate-gated
chloride
channel
(GluCl).
Collectively,
these
provide
mechanistic
insights
into
negative
pesticide-induced
responses
insects
reveal
actors
JH-signaling
pathway
underpin
resurgence.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
532(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Abstract
Reproductive
processes
are
regulated
by
a
variety
of
neuropeptides
in
vertebrates
and
invertebrates.
In
starfish
(phylum
Echinodermata),
relaxin‐like
gonad‐stimulating
peptide
triggers
oocyte
maturation
spawning.
However,
little
is
known
about
other
as
potential
regulators
reproduction
starfish.
To
address
this
issue,
here,
we
used
histology
immunohistochemistry
to
analyze
the
reproductive
system
Asterias
rubens
at
four
stages
seasonal
cycle
male
female
animals,
investigating
expression
eight
neuropeptides:
corticotropin‐releasing
hormone‐type
neuropeptide
ArCRH,
calcitonin‐type
ArCT,
pedal
peptide‐type
ArPPLN1b
ArPPLN2h,
vasopressin/ocytocin‐type
asterotocin,
gonadotropin‐releasing
ArGnRH,
somatostatin/allatostatin‐C‐type
ArSS1
ArSS2.
The
five
neuropeptides,
ArPPLN1b,
was
detected
gonoducts
and/or
gonads.
For
example,
extensive
ArPPLN2h
revealed
coelomic
epithelial
layer
gonads
throughout
both
males
females.
sexual
differences
patterns
were
also
observed.
Informed
these
findings,
vitro
pharmacological
effects
on
gonad
preparations
from
investigated.
This
that
causes
gonadal
contraction
relaxation,
with
being
more
effective
ovaries
than
testes.
Collectively,
findings
indicate
multiple
signaling
systems
involved
regulation
function
starfish,
some
exerting
excitatory
or
inhibitory
contractility
may
be
physiologically
relevant
when
gametes
expelled
during
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 10, 2024
Abstract
To
survive
adverse
environments,
many
animals
enter
a
dormant
state
such
as
hibernation,
dauer,
or
diapause.
Various
Drosophila
species
undergo
adult
reproductive
diapause
in
response
to
cool
temperatures
and/or
short
day-length.
While
it
is
known
that
flies
are
less
active
during
diapause,
an
in-depth
understanding
of
effects
on
circadian
rhythms
and
sleep
lacking.
Here
we
show
that,
diapause-inducing
conditions,
melanogaster
exhibit
altered
activity
profiles,
including
severely
reduced
morning
peak
advanced
evening
peak.
Consequently,
the
have
single
at
time
similar
when
non-diapausing
siesta.
Temperatures
≤15
°C,
rather
than
day-length,
primarily
drive
behavior.
At
temperatures,
also
rapidly
deep
lacks
cycles
higher
requires
particularly
high
levels
stimulation
for
arousal.
Furthermore,
18–25
prefer
siesta
shade,
preference
virtually
eliminated
10
°C.
Resting
shade
driven
by
aversion
blue
light,
sensed
rhodopsin
7
(Rh7)
outside
eyes.
Flies
°C
neuronal
markers
elevated
pressure,
increased
expression
Bruchpilot
Ca
2+
R5
ellipsoid
body
neurons.
Therefore
pressure
might
overcome
light
aversion.
Thus
cause
arrest,
preserve
germline
stem
cells,
extend
lifespan,
prone
dramatically
–
yet
rhythmic
daily
patterns.
Significance
statement
Climate
change
impacting
animals,
insects.
In
diverse
organisms,
environments
trigger
dormancy
programs
hibernation
Fruit
winter.
develop
new
methods
same
delay
fruit
fly
reproduction
promote
sleep.
Cool
fall
asleep
difficult
arouse.
Once
awake,
they
immediately
back
Whereas
warm
midday
drives
need
overwhelms
light-aversion,
reducing
preference.
Animals
adjust
their
behavior
directly
temperature,
day
length,
may
be
more
resilient
changing
climate.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024
Abstract
Temperature
is
a
critical
environmental
cue
that
controls
the
development
and
lifespan
of
many
animal
species;
however,
mechanisms
underlying
low-temperature
adaptation
are
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
describe
cold-inducible
diapause
(CID),
another
type
induced
by
low
temperatures
in
Caenorhabditis
elegans
.
A
premature
stop
codon
heat
shock
factor
1
(
hsf-1
)
triggers
entry
into
CID
at
9
°C,
whereas
wild-type
animals
enter
4
°C.
Furthermore,
both
hsf-1(sy441)
mutant
undergoing
can
survive
for
weeks,
resume
growth
20
Using
epistasis
analysis,
demonstrate
neural
signalling
pathways,
namely
tyraminergic
neuromedin
U
signalling,
regulate
mutant.
Overexpression
anti-ageing
genes,
such
as
,
XBP1/
xbp-1
FOXO
/daf-16
Nrf2/
skn-1
TFEB/
hlh-30
also
inhibits
Based
on
these
findings,
hypothesise
regulators
may
impact
longevity,
successfully
isolate
16
long-lived
mutants
among
49
non-CID
via
genetic
screening.
nonsense
mutation
MED23/
sur-2
prevents
extends
lifespan.
Thus,
powerful
model
to
investigate
networks
involving
cold
acclimation
explore
new
ageing
mechanisms.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
531(15), С. 1525 - 1549
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023
Insects
from
high
latitudes
spend
the
winter
in
a
state
of
overwintering
diapause,
which
is
characterized
by
arrested
reproduction,
reduced
food
intake
and
metabolism,
increased
life
span.
The
main
trigger
to
enter
diapause
decreasing
day
length
summer-autumn.
It
thus
assumed
that
circadian
clock
acts
as
an
internal
sensor
for
measuring
photoperiod
orchestrates
appropriate
seasonal
changes
physiology
metabolism
through
various
neurohormones.
However,
little
known
about
neuronal
organization
network
neurosecretory
system
controls
high-latitude
insects.
We
addressed
this
here
mapping
expression
proteins
neuropeptides/neurohormones
fly
Drosophila
littoralis.
found
principal
both
systems
similar
melanogaster,
but
with
some
striking
differences
neuropeptide
levels
patterns.
small
ventrolateral
neurons
express
pigment-dispersing
factor
(PDF)
short
F
(sNPF)
are
most
important
robust
rhythmicity
D.
melanogaster
virtually
lack
PDF
sNPF
In
contrast,
dorsolateral
ion
transport
peptide
additionally
allatostatin-C
appear
suited
transfer
day-length
information
lateral
cells
littoralis
contain
more
neuropeptides
than
melanogaster.
Among
them,
coexpress
corazonin,
PDF,
diuretic
hormone
44
control
diapause.
Our
work
sets
stage
investigate
roles
these
diverse
regulating
insect
Journal of Comparative Physiology A,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
210(4), С. 585 - 599
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023
Abstract
Organisms
adapt
to
unfavorable
seasonal
conditions
survive.
These
adaptations
rely
on
the
correct
interpretation
of
environmental
cues
such
as
photoperiod,
and
temperature.
Genetic
studies
in
several
organisms,
including
genetic
powerhouse
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
indicate
that
circadian
clock
components,
period
timeless
are
involved
photoperiodic-dependent
adaptations,
but
our
understanding
this
process
is
far
from
complete.
In
particular,
role
temperature
a
key
factor
complement
photoperiodic
response
not
well
understood.
The
development
new
sequencing
technologies
has
proven
extremely
useful
plastic
changes
other
cellular
components
undergo
different
conditions,
gene
expression
alternative
splicing.
This
article
discusses
integration
photoperiod
for
biology
downstream
molecular
pathways
regulation
physiological
occur
with
changing
seasons.
We
focus
discussion
current
involvement
neuronal
circuits
these
D.
.
PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(12), С. e3002918 - e3002918
Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2024
Organisms
detect
temperature
signals
through
peripheral
neurons,
which
relay
them
to
central
circadian
networks
drive
adaptive
behaviors.
Despite
recent
advances
in
Drosophila
research,
how
circuits
integrate
cues
with
regulate
sleep/wake
patterns
remains
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
used
the
FlyWire
brain
electron
microscopy
connectome
map
neuronal
connections,
identifying
lateral
posterior
neurons
LPNs
as
key
nodes
for
integrating
information
into
network.
receive
input
from
both
and
temperature-sensing
promoting
sleep
behavior.
Through
analysis,
genetic
manipulation,
behavioral
assays,
demonstrated
that
LPNs,
downstream
of
thermo-sensitive
anterior
cells
(ACs),
suppress
activity-promoting
dorsal
LNds
via
AstC
pathway,
inducing
Disrupting
LPN-LNd
communication
either
AstCR1
RNAi
or
an
mutant
significantly
impairs
heat-induced
reduction
evening
activity
peak.
Conversely,
optogenetic
calcium
imaging
assays
revealed
cold-activated
subsequently
stimulate
NPF-NPFR
signaling,
establishing
a
negative
feedback
loop.
This
mechanism
limits
LNd
activation
appropriate
levels,
thereby
fine-tuning
peak
increase
at
lower
temperatures.
conclusion,
our
study
constructed
comprehensive
centered
on
identified
novel
peptidergic
circuit
coordinates
signals,
offering
new
insights
regulation
.
