Fights on the surface prior to fungal invasion of insects

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(2), С. e1011994 - e1011994

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infect insects by landing on and penetrating cuticles. Emerging evidence has shown that, prior to the invasion of insects, fungal cells have battle overcome diverse challenges, including host behavioral defenses, colonization resistance mediated ectomicrobiotas, recognition, generation enough penetration pressure. The ascomycete EPF such as Metarhizium Beauveria can thus produce adhesive proteins and/or exopolysaccharide mucilage tightly glue Producing antimicrobial peptides chemical compounds enable outcompete cuticular defensive microbes. use divergent membrane receptors, accumulation, quick degradation lipid droplets in conidial help recognize proper hosts build up cellular turgor breach cuticles for systematic invasion. Further investigations are still required unveil multifaceted intricate relationships between insect hosts.

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular Dialogue During Host Manipulation by the Vascular Wilt Fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(1), С. 97 - 126

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Vascular wilt fungi are a group of hemibiotrophic phytopathogens that infect diverse crop plants. These pathogens have adapted to thrive in the nutrient-deprived niche plant xylem. Identification and functional characterization effectors their role establishment compatibility across multiple hosts, suppression defense, host reprogramming, interaction with surrounding microbes been studied mainly model vascular Fusarium oxysporum Verticillium dahliae. Comparative analysis genomes from fungal isolates has accelerated our understanding genome compartmentalization its effector evolution. Also, advances recent years shed light on cross talk root-infecting scales cellular ecosystem level, covering microbiome as well interkingdom signaling. This review elaborates current between plant, which eventually leads specialized lifestyle We particularly focus findings F. oxysporum, including multihost associations, how they contributed biology adaptation In addition, we discuss emerging research areas highlight open questions future challenges.

Язык: Английский

---

Symbiotic bacteria and fungi proliferate in diapause and may enhance overwintering survival in a solitary bee

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Host-microbe interactions underlie the development and fitness of many macroorganisms, including bees. Whereas social bees benefit from vertically transmitted gut bacteria, current data suggests that solitary bees, which comprise vast majority species diversity within lack a highly specialized microbiome. Here, we examine composition abundance bacteria fungi throughout complete life cycle ground-nesting bee Anthophora bomboides standfordiana. In contrast to expectations, immature stages maintain distinct core microbiome consisting Actinobacterial genera (Streptomyces, Nocardiodes) fungus Moniliella spathulata. Dormant (diapausing) larval hosted most abundant distinctive fungi, attaining 33 52 times their initial copy number, respectively. We tested two adaptive hypotheses regarding microbial functions for diapausing First, using isolated found Streptomyces brood cells inhibited growth multiple pathogenic filamentous suggesting role in pathogen protection during overwintering, when face high pressure. Second, sugar alcohol changed tandem with major changes fungal abundance, links cold tolerance or overwintering biology. find A. hosts conserved may provide key advantages through diapause, raises question how this is maintained faithfully between generations. Our results suggest focus on microbiomes mature active insect developmental overlook stage-specific symbionts contributions host dormancy.

Язык: Английский

---

Paleocene origin of a streamlined digestive symbiosis in leaf beetles

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(8), С. 1621 - 1634.e9

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

Timing the acquisition of a beneficial microbe relative to evolutionary history its host can shed light on adaptive impact partnership. Here, we investigated onset and molecular evolution an obligate symbiosis between Cassidinae leaf beetles Candidatus Stammera capleta, γ-proteobacterium. Residing extracellularly within foregut symbiotic organs, upgrades digestive physiology by supplementing plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. We observe that is shared symbiont across tortoise hispine collectively comprise subfamily, despite differences in their folivorous habits. In contrast transcriptional profile during vertical transmission, elevates expression genes encoding enzymes while matching nutritional requirements host. Despite widespread distribution beetles, Paleocene (∼62 mya) did not coincide with origin subfamily. Early diverging lineages lack specialized organs house it. Reconstructing ancestral state host-beneficial factors revealed encoded three at symbiosis, including polygalacturonase-a pectinase universally shared. Although non-symbiotic cassidines encode polygalacturonase endogenously, repertoire more limited compared supplemented from Stammera. Highlighting potential condition upgraded metabolic potential, Stammera-harboring exploit greater variety plants are speciose members Cassidinae.

Язык: Английский

---

Fusarium phytopathogens as insect mutualists

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(7), С. e1011497 - e1011497

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

As vectors of numerous plant pathogens, herbivorous insects play a key role in the epidemiology disease. But how phytopathogens impact metabolism, physiology, and fitness their insect is often unexplored within these tripartite interactions. Here, we examine diverse symbioses forged between members ascomycete fungal genus Fusarium . While features pathogens that are causal to diseases such as wilts rots, many microbes also engage stable mutualisms across several clades. Matching diversity symbiont localization transmission routes, highlight various roles fusaria fulfill towards hosts, from upgrading nutritional physiology providing defense against natural enemies. partner consistently herbivorous, emphasize convergent benefit derives exchange: propagation novel host plant. Collectively, point synergy arising phytopathogen its vector, consequences inflicted on shared

Язык: Английский

---

Adipokinetic hormone signaling mediates the enhanced fecundity of Diaphorina citri infected by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Diaphorina citri serves as the primary vector for ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ( C Las),’ bacterium associated with severe Asian form of huanglongbing. Las-positive D. are more fecund than their Las-negative counterparts and require extra energy expenditure. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms linking metabolism reproduction is particular importance. In this study, we found adipokinetic hormone DcAKH ) its receptor DcAKHR were essential increasing lipid fecundity in response to Las infection . Knockdown not only resulted accumulation triacylglycerol a decline glycogen, but also significantly decreased titer ovaries. Combined vivo vitro experiments showed that miR-34 suppresses expression by binding 3’ untranslated region, whilst overexpression ovaries caused defects mimicked knockdown phenotypes. Additionally, reduced juvenile (JH) JH signaling pathway genes fat bodies ovaries, including receptor, methoprene-tolerant DcMet ), transcription factor, Krüppel homolog 1 (DcKr-h1 acts downstream it, well egg development related vitellogenin 1-like DcVg-1-like A1-like DcVg-A1-like DcVgR ). As result, hijacks AKH/AKHR-miR-34-JH improve fecundity, while simultaneously replication Las, suggesting mutualistic interaction between

Язык: Английский

---

Adipokinetic hormone signaling mediates the enhanced fecundity of Diaphorina citri infected by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Diaphorina citri serves as the primary vector for ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus ( C Las),’ bacterium associated with severe Asian form of huanglongbing. Las-positive D. are more fecund than their Las-negative counterparts and require extra energy expenditure. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms linking metabolism reproduction is particular importance. In this study, we found adipokinetic hormone DcAKH ) its receptor DcAKHR were essential increasing lipid fecundity in response to Las infection . Knockdown not only resulted accumulation triacylglycerol a decline glycogen, but also significantly decreased titer ovaries. Combined vivo vitro experiments showed that miR-34 suppresses expression by binding 3’ untranslated region, whilst overexpression ovaries caused defects mimicked knockdown phenotypes. Additionally, reduced juvenile (JH) JH signaling pathway genes fat bodies ovaries, including receptor, methoprene-tolerant DcMet ), transcription factor, Krüppel homolog 1 (DcKr-h1 acts downstream it, well egg development related vitellogenin 1-like DcVg-1-like A1-like DcVg-A1-like DcVgR ). As result, hijacks AKH/AKHR-miR-34-JH improve fecundity, while simultaneously replication Las, suggesting mutualistic interaction between

Язык: Английский

---

Infection with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ improves the fecundity of Diaphorina citri aiding its proliferation: A win‐win strategy

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

The evolution of insect vector-pathogen relationships has long been interest in the field molecular ecology. One system special relevance, due to its economic impacts, is that between Diaphorina citri and 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), cause severe Asian form huanglongbing. CLas-positive D. are more fecund than their CLas-negative counterparts, boosting opportunities for pathogens acquire new vector hosts. mechanism behind this life-history shift remains unclear. Here, we found CLas promoted ovarian development increased expression vitellogenin receptor (DcVgR) ovaries. DcVgR RNAi significantly decreased fecundity titer ovaries, extended preoviposition period, shortened oviposition period blocked development. Given importance gene regulation, explored role miRNAs shaping these phenotypes triggers. Our results showed one miRNA, miR-275, suppressed by binding 3' UTR. Overexpression miR-275 knocked down causing reproductive defects mimicked knockdown phenotypes. We focused, further, on roles Juvenile Hormone (JH) pathway observed phenotype, given known impacts After infection, was upregulated, thereby increasing expression. From combined results, conclude hijacks JH signalling targeting increase fecundity. These changes simultaneously replication, suggesting a pathogen-vector host mutualism, or seemingly helpful, but cryptically costly manipulation.

Язык: Английский

---

Extracellular symbiont colonizes insect during embryo development

ISME Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Insects typically acquire their beneficial microbes early in development. Endosymbionts housed intracellularly are commonly integrated during oogenesis or embryogenesis, whereas extracellular only known to be acquired after hatching by immature instars such as larvae nymphs. Here, however, we report on an symbiont that colonizes its host embryo Tortoise beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) digestive bacterial Stammera extracellularly within foregut symbiotic organs and ovary-associated glands ensure vertical transmission. We outline the initial stages of colonization observe although develop 3 days prior larval emergence, they remain empty until final 24 h Infection occurs timeframe hatching. By experimentally manipulating availability embryos egg, describe a 12-h developmental window governing Stammera. Symbiotic form normally aposymbiotic larvae, demonstrating these Stammera-bearing structures autonomously. In adults, already colonized following metamorphosis stable population facilitate folivory. The glands, initially lack Symbiont abundance subsequently increases transmission organs, thereby ensuring sufficient titers at onset oviposition ~29 metamorphosis. Collectively, our findings reveal precedes where proliferation is eventually decoupled adult match nutritional reproductive requirements host.

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial associates of the elm leaf beetle: uncovering the absence of resident bacteria and the influence of fungi on insect performance

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 90(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Microbial symbionts play crucial roles in the biology of many insects. While bacteria have been primary focus research on insect-microbe symbiosis, recent studies suggest that fungal may be just as important. The elm leaf beetle (ELB,

Язык: Английский

---