Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Chirality-Centric View on Biological Evolution. Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive, and Psychological Functions

Symmetry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3), С. 355 - 355

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

The mechanism of brain information processing unfolds within spatial and temporal domains inherently linked to the concept space–time symmetry. Biological evolution, beginning with prevalent molecular chirality, results in handedness human cognitive psychological functions (the phenomena known as biochirality). key element chain chirality transfer from downstream upstream processes is pyramidal neuron (PyrN) morphology–function paradigm (archetype). most apparent landmark PyrNs geometry cell soma. However, “why/how PyrN’s soma gains shape quasi-tetrahedral symmetry” has never been explicitly articulated. Resolving above inquiry only possible based on broad-view assumption that encoding 3D space requires specific neuronal detector corresponding network. Accordingly, our hypothesis states if primary function PyrNs, at organism level, sensory symmetry perception, then best evolutionary-selected support sensory-motor coupling. biological system’s non-equilibrium (NE) state fundamentally an asymmetric, non-racemic, steady constituents. chiral theory conceptually agrees living systems have evolved exchange energy environment. involved developing studied detail. crucial missing element—the reference fundamental link between navigation—is main obstacle resolving question demand: why did PyrNs’ gain symmetry?

Язык: Английский

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Drebrin Regulates Collateral Axon Branching in Cortical Layer II/III Somatosensory Neurons

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(46), С. 7745 - 7765

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023

Proper cortical lamination is essential for cognition, learning, and memory. Within the somatosensory cortex, pyramidal excitatory neurons elaborate axon collateral branches in a laminar-specific manner that dictates synaptic partners overall circuit organization. Here, we leverage both male female mouse models, single-cell labeling imaging approaches to identify intrinsic regulators of collateral, also termed interstitial, branching. We developed new robust, sparse, Layer II/III obtain quantitative assessment branch morphologies. combined these with cell-autonomous loss-of-function (LOF) overexpression (OE) manipulations an

Язык: Английский

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Microtubule-associated septin complexes modulate kinesin and dynein motility with differential specificities

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 299(9), С. 105084 - 105084

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023

Long-range membrane traffic is guided by microtubule-associated proteins and posttranslational modifications, which collectively comprise a code. The regulatory principles of this code how it orchestrates the motility kinesin dynein motors are largely unknown. Septins large family GTP-binding proteins, assemble into complexes that associate with microtubules. Using single-molecule in vitro assays, we tested SEPT2/6/7, SEPT2/6/7/9, SEPT5/7/11 affect motilities constitutively active kinesins KIF5C KIF1A dynein-dynactin-bicaudal D (DDB) motor complex. We found SEPT2/6/7 potent inhibitor DDB KIF5C, preventing mainly their association also inhibits obstructing stepping along On SEPT2/6/7/9-coated microtubules, inhibition dampened SEPT9, alone enhances KIF1A, showing individual septin subunits determine properties complexes. Strikingly, differs from permitting immobilizing to microtubule lattice. In hippocampal neurons, filamentous SEPT5 colocalizes somatodendritic microtubules underlie Golgi membranes lack SEPT6. Depletion disrupts morphology polarization ribbons shaft somato-proximal dendrites, consistent tethering SEPT5/7/11. Collectively, these results suggest have differential specificities regulation positioning motors. posit septins an integral part microtubule-based spatially controls traffic.

Язык: Английский

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Boosting neurite outgrowth and anti-oxidative stress for treatment of Parkinson's disease by biomimetic ultrasmall nanoparticles

Sustainable materials and technologies, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39, С. e00807 - e00807

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Non-muscle myosin II and the plasticity of 3D cell migration

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Confined cells migrating through 3D environments are also constrained by the laws of physics, meaning for every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction to achieve motion. Fascinatingly, several distinct molecular mechanisms that can use move, this is reflected in diverse ways non-muscle myosin II (NMII) generate mechanical forces necessary sustain cell migration. This review summarizes unique modes migration, as well how NMII activity regulated localized within each these different modes. In addition, we highlight tropomyosins septins two protein families likely have more secrets reveal about governed during Together, information suggests investigating controlling will helpful understanding a single transitions between migration response physical environment.

Язык: Английский

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Cytoskeleton: Septin wreaths regulate actin in neuritogenesis

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(3), С. R98 - R100

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Drebrin Regulates Collateral Axon Branching in Cortical Layer II/III Somatosensory Neurons

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Abstract Proper cortical lamination is essential for cognition, learning, and memory. Within the somatosensory cortex, pyramidal excitatory neurons elaborate axon collateral branches in a laminar-specific manner that dictates synaptic partners overall circuit organization. Here, we leverage mouse models, single-cell labeling imaging approaches to identify intrinsic regulators of collateral, also termed interstitial, branching. We developed new robust, sparse, layer II/III obtain quantitative assessment branch morphologies. combined these with cell-autonomous loss-of-function (LOF) over-expression (OE) manipulations an vivo candidate screen neuron lamination. role cytoskeletal binding protein drebrin (Dbn1) regulating projection (CPN) branching vitro. LOF experiments show Dbn1 necessary suppress elongation CPN within IV, where by CPNs normally absent. Conversely, OE produces excess short axonal protrusions reminiscent nascent collaterals fail elongate. Structure-function analyses implicate S142 phosphorylation domains known mediate F-actin bundling microtubule (MT) coupling as initiation upon OE. Taken together, results contribute our understanding molecular mechanisms regulate CPNs, key process elaboration neocortical formation. Significance Statement Laminar-specific targeting regulates branching, lending insight into underlie innervation. To patterns single , have tools allow us detailed images individual morphologies throughout postnatal development manipulate gene expression same neurons. Our showing interstitial both vitro may aid how aberrant morphology contributes dysfunctions observed Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) epilepsy.

Язык: Английский

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Thalamic Neuron Resilience during Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) Is Revealed by Primary Cilium Outgrowth and ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B Labeling in Axon Initial Segment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(22), С. 16448 - 16448

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2023

A murine osmotic demyelinating syndrome (ODS) model was developed through chronic hyponatremia, induced by desmopressin subcutaneous implants, followed precipitous sodium restoration. The thalamic ventral posterolateral (VPL) and posteromedial (VPM) relay nuclei were the most demyelinated regions where neuroglial damage could be evidenced without immune response. This report showed that following 12 h 48 time lapses after rebalancing osmolarity, amid ODS-degraded outskirts, some resilient neuronal cell bodies built up primary cilium axon hillock extended into initial segments (AIS) ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B)-immunolabeled rod-like shape content revealed. These AIS-labeled shaft lengths appeared proportional with distance of away from ODS damaged epicenter correction hyponatremia. Fine structure examination verified these neuron abundant transcriptions translation marked ARL13B labeling associated neurotubules their complex cytoskeletal macromolecular architecture. necessitated energetic transport to organize restore those AIS core zone in model. labeled structures substantiate how resilience occurred as possible steps a healing course out ODS.

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative Evaluation of Neurite Morphology Using Graph Structure

Electronics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(23), С. 4750 - 4750

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023

Recently, the analysis of cellular images, particularly assessment neurite activity, has gained increasing significance in study neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. This introduces an automated approach that focuses on activity through application segmentation techniques to bright-field images neurons. proposes a method for treating individual cell instances as graphs consisting nodes and edges. Furthermore, this suggests quantitative precisely identified neurites definition several evaluation metrics. enables fast objective focused In variety experiments, precision our proposed was verified comparative by comparing results manual data using ImageJ measuring length rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. The findings revealed average discrepancy is only 4.387 μm, highlighting high level accuracy method’s ability detect neurites, which almost par with analysis. observation holds analytical applications pertinent

Язык: Английский

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