The importance of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in amphibian skin defense

Developmental & Comparative Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 142, С. 104657 - 104657

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Probing the functional significance of wild animal microbiomes using omics data

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2024

Abstract Host‐associated microbiomes are thought to play a key role in host physiology and fitness, but this conclusion mainly derives from systems biased towards animal models humans. While many studies on non‐model wild animals have characterised the taxonomic diversity of their microbiomes, few investigated functional potential these microbial communities. Functional ‘omics’ approaches, such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics metabolomics, represent promising techniques probe significance host‐associated wild. In review, we propose (1) briefly define main available omics tools along with strengths limitations, (2) summarise advances enabled by understand microbiome function human models, (3) showcase examples how methods already brought invaluable insights into (4) provide guidelines implement address outstanding questions field microbiomes. To conclude, suggest that, building knowledge derived cheaper, more traditional approaches (e.g. 16S metabarcoding qPCR), approach test hypotheses regarding ecological evolutionary resident microbiota animals. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Tetrodotoxin, fungal pathogen infection, and bacterial microbiome associations are variable in the skin microecosystems of two Taricha newt species

Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

A diverse metabolome exists on amphibian skin that mediates interactions between hosts and microbiomes. Tetrodotoxin is one such metabolite occurs across a variety of taxa, particularly well studied in newts the genus Taricha are susceptible to infection with chytrid fungi. The interaction tetrodotoxin microbiome, including pathogenic fungi, not understood, here we describe these patterns 12 populations granulosa T. torosa Washington, Oregon, California. We found no correlation TTX Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) either or , pattern inconsistent previous study. In addition, TTX, but Bd, was significantly correlated microbiome composition . however, structure. relationship differed species, significant correlations observed only which exhibited higher concentrations. also detected abundances bacterial taxa (e.g., Pseudomonadaceae) associated production TTX. These (ASVs matching Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella Sphingopyxis ) were all body sites previously sampled soil samples. Our results suggest toxins can shape newt may influence pathogen through indirect mechanisms, as showed direct inhibition Bd B. salamandrivorans growth.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotic colonization of Xenopus laevis skin causes short-term changes in skin microbiomes and gene expression

Infection and Immunity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Probiotic therapies have been suggested for amelioration efforts of wildlife disease such as chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium spp. in amphibians. However, there is a lack information on how probiotic application affects resident microbial communities and immune responses. To better understand these interactions, we hypothesized that would alter community composition host expression Xenopus laevis. Accordingly, applied three amphibian-derived anti-Batrachochytrium bacteria strains (two Pseudomonas one Stenotrophomonas sp.) to X. laevis monoculture also cocktail. We quantified structure using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. genes involved responses quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) skin transcriptomics over 1 3-week periods. All treatments successfully colonized 3 weeks, but with differential amplicon sequence variant (ASV) counts time. Bacterial effects were most pronounced at week post-probiotic exposure decreased thereafter. initial changes bacterial alpha beta diversity, including reduction diversity from pre-exposure ASV relative abundance. colonization strain RSB5.4 reduced regulatory T cell marker (FOXP3, measured RT-qPCR) the greatest detected transcriptomics. Single mixed cultures, therefore, altered amphibian microbiome-immune interactions. This work will help improve our understanding role interface underlying both dynamics emergent eco-evolutionary processes.IMPORTANCEAmphibian an important determining outcomes, part through complex yet poorly understood interactions systems. Here report probiotic-induced frog result significant alterations animals' expression. These findings underscore interdependence immune-microbiome

Язык: Английский

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Amphibian tolerance to arsenic: microbiome-mediated insights

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Amphibians are often recognized as bioindicators of healthy ecosystems. The persistence amphibian populations in heavily contaminated environments provides an excellent opportunity to investigate rapid vertebrate adaptations harmful contaminants. Using a combination culture-based challenge assays and skin permeability assay, we tested whether the skin-associated microbiota may confer adaptive tolerance tropical amphibians regions with arsenic, thus supporting microbiome principle immune interactions mucus. At lower arsenic concentrations (1 5 mM As3+), found significantly higher number bacterial isolates tolerant from sampled at region (TES) than free (JN). Strikingly, none our tolerated high arsenic. In experiment, where subset arsenic-tolerant could reduce that known tolerate reduced this metalloid. This pattern did not hold true for low tolerance. Our results describe environmental selection bacteria capable protecting intoxication, which helps explain water bodies

Язык: Английский

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Probing the functional significance of wild animal microbiomes using omics data

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Host-associated microbiomes are thought to play a key role in host physiology and fitness, but this conclusion mainly derives from studies of handful animal models humans. To test the generality conclusion, non-model wild animals needed. However, whilst microbiome taxonomic diversity has recently received much attention, characterization its functional potential is lagging behind. Functional “omics” approaches, such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, represent promising techniques probe significance host-associated wild. In review, we propose (1) briefly define main available omics tools along with their strengths limitations, (2) summarise advances enabled by understand function human models, (3) showcase examples how these methods have already brought invaluable insights into (4) provide guidelines on implement address outstanding questions field microbiomes. conclude, suggest that approach once presence an abundant resident microbiota been established using more traditional (and less expensive) approaches qPCR metabarcoding.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis isolate and dose on infection outcomes in a critically endangered Australian amphibian

Fungal ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73, С. 101397 - 101397

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Linking microbiome and stress hormone responses in wild tropical treefrogs across continuous and fragmented forests

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2023

Abstract The amphibian skin microbiome is an important component of anti-pathogen defense, but the impact environmental change on link between composition and host stress remains unclear. In this study, we used radiotelemetry translocation to track function, pathogen infection, over time across natural movement paths for forest-associated treefrog, Boana faber . We found a negative correlation cortisol levels putative function frogs translocated forest fragments, indicating strong integration response potential microbiome. Additionally, observed capacity resilience (resistance structural functional loss) in microbiome, with maintenance pathogen-inhibitory despite major temporal shifts composition. Although community did not return baseline during study period, rate indicated that fragmentation had more pronounced effects than alone. Our findings reveal associations hormones defenses, implications amphibians their associated microbes facing accelerated tropical deforestation.

Язык: Английский

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Amphibian mast cells serve as barriers to chytrid fungus infections

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2023

Global amphibian declines are compounded by deadly disease outbreaks caused the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ). Much has been learned about roles of skin-produced antimicrobial components and microbiomes in controlling , yet almost nothing is known skin-resident immune cells anti- defenses. Mammalian mast reside within serve as key sentinels barrier tissues like skin. Accordingly, we investigated Xenopus laevis frog during infections. Our findings indicate that enrichment X. skin confers protection ameliorates inflammation-associated damage infection. This includes a significant reduction infiltration -infected neutrophils, promoting mucin content cutaneous mucus glands, preventing -mediated changes to microbiomes. for their production pleiotropic interleukin-4 (IL4) cytokine our suggest IL4 plays role manifesting effects seen following cell enrichment. Together, this work underscores importance defenses illuminates novel avenue investigating host–chytrid pathogen interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome at the Interface between Environmental Stress and Animal Health: An Example from the Most Threatened Vertebrate Group

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Nitrate pollution and increased temperatures due to climate change are ubiquitous stressors likely interact affect the health survival of wildlife, particularly aquatic ectotherms. Commensal/symbiotic microorganisms (microbiome) that inhabit animal bodies may contribute maintenance their under such stressful circumstances. We conducted a common-garden experiment crossing three nitrate levels (0, 50, 100 mg/L) five temperature treatments (18 °C, 22 26 28 fluctuation regime: 17–26.5 °C) investigate interactive individual effects these on biomarkers (water-borne corticosterone, body condition, developmental rate) an ectotherm its gut microbiome diversity composition, using amphibian larvae as model organisms. All reflected thermal stress imposed larvae, outcomes being more explained by changes in composition than diversity. Based detected OTUs, we predicted increase reduction pathway decrease several nucleotide biosynthesis pathways with increasing pollution, alterations degradation temperature. urge for studies investigating different environmental conditions consequences host world threatened biodiversity loss.

Язык: Английский

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