The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(9), С. 565 - 584

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Diet and Dietary Components on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(8), С. 2795 - 2795

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2021

Diet and dietary components have profound effects on the composition of gut microbiota are among most important contributors to alteration in bacterial flora. This review examines “Western”, “plant-based”, “high-fat”, “medical ketogenic”, “Mediterranean” diets both mice human subjects. We show that specific commonly found “plant-based” diet play a role shifting microbial composition. further evaluates metabolites associated with diet, their systemic inflammation metabolic endotoxemia. Furthermore, associations between diet/dietary altering composition, may lead potential therapeutic targets for type II diabetes, obesity, inflammatory diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(22), С. 8767 - 8767

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2020

Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP generation. However, in situations where is sparse, e.g., during prolonged fasting, ketone bodies become an important energy source brain. The brain’s utilization of ketones seems to depend mainly on concentration blood, thus many dietary approaches such as ketogenic diets, ingestion medium-chain fatty acids or exogenous ketones, facilitate significant changes metabolism. Therefore, these may ameliorate crisis neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by a deterioration metabolism, providing therapeutic advantage diseases. Most clinical studies examining neuroprotective role have been conducted patients with Alzheimer’s disease, imaging support notion enhancing metabolism ketones. Likewise, few show modest functional improvements Parkinson’s disease and cognitive benefits with—or at risk of—Alzheimer’s after interventions. Here, we summarize current knowledge how interventions discuss emphasizing data.

Язык: Английский

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Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and very-low-carbohydrate regimen that mimics the metabolism of fasting state to induce production ketone bodies. KD has long been established as remarkably successful dietary approach for treatment intractable epilepsy increasingly garnered research attention rapidly in past decade, subject emerging evidence promising therapeutic potential various diseases, besides epilepsy, from obesity malignancies. In this review, we summarize experimental and/or clinical efficacy safety different discuss possible mechanisms action based on recent advances understanding influence at cellular molecular levels. We emphasize may function through multiple mechanisms, which remain be further elucidated. challenges future directions implementation spectrum diseases have discussed. suggest that, with encouraging effects increasing insights into action, randomized controlled trials should conducted elucidate foundation use KD.

Язык: Английский

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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(4), С. 1239 - 1285

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote Aβ plaque deposition

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2021

Previous studies have identified a crucial role of the gut microbiome in modifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. However, mechanisms microbiome–brain interaction AD were so far unknown. Here, we identify microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFA) as microbial metabolites which promote Aβ deposition. Germ-free (GF) mice exhibit substantially reduced plaque load and markedly SCFA plasma concentrations; conversely, supplementation to GF increased levels conventionally colonized (specific pathogen-free [SPF]) animals SPF even further exacerbated load. This was accompanied by pronounced alterations microglial transcriptomic profile, including upregulation ApoE. Despite recruitment plaques upon supplementation, microglia contained less intracellular Aβ. Taken together, our results demonstrate that are critical mediators along gut-brain axis deposition likely via modulation phenotype.

Язык: Английский

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A human-origin probiotic cocktail ameliorates aging-related leaky gut and inflammation via modulating the microbiota/taurine/tight junction axis

JCI Insight, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(9)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2020

Inflammation is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Although its precise etiology unknown, low-grade inflammation adults commonly associated with increased intestinal epithelial permeability (leaky gut) abnormal (dysbiotic) gut microbiota. The increasing population lack treatments to reduce aging-related microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, culminates rise comorbidities, constituting significant public health concern. Here, we demonstrate that human-origin probiotic cocktail containing 5 Lactobacillus Enterococcus strains isolated from healthy infant prevented high-fat diet–induced (HFD-induced) inflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, physical function decline mice. Probiotic-modulated primarily reduced by tight junctions, which turn inflammation. Mechanistically, probiotics modulated way increase bile salt hydrolase activity, taurine abundance the stimulated junctions suppressed leakiness. Furthermore, Caenorhabditis elegans, life span, adiposity enhanced function. results suggest such therapies could prevent or treat elderly.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges and hopes for Alzheimer’s disease

Drug Discovery Today, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(4), С. 1027 - 1043

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiome as a Modifier of Neurodegenerative Disease Risk

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(2), С. 201 - 222

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of probiotics on cognition, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults with Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment — a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Aging, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(4), С. 4010 - 4039

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2020

Probiotics are live microbes that confer health benefits to the host.Preliminary animal evidence supports potential role of probiotics in ameliorating cognitive health, however, findings from clinical trials Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild impairment (MCI) subjects controversial.Thus, a meta-analysis is needed clarify efficacy on cognition AD MCI patients.EMBASE, PubMed, Web Science and Cochrane library were systematically searched manually screened for relevant published randomized controlled (RCTs).Among 890 citations identified, 5 studies involving 297 met eligibility.There was significant improvement (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.61; P 0.002; I 2 24%), while reduction malondialdehyde -0.60;95% -0.91, -0.28; 0.000; 0.0%) high-sensitivity Creactive protein -0.57;95% -0.95, -0.20; 0.003; post-intervention levels between control group.This indicated improved performance patients, possibly through decreasing inflammatory oxidative biomarkers.However, current insufficient, more reliable large-scale, long-period, RCT needed.

Язык: Английский

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