Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(12), С. 2749 - 2749

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Язык: Английский

---

The links between gut microbiota and obesity and obesity related diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 147, С. 112678 - 112678

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2022

The obesity epidemic has become a global public health crisis in recent years and is continuing to worsen at an alarming rate. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved development of obesity-related diseases are still being unraveled. In past ten years, gut microbiota been identified as crucial player affecting onset progression diseases, especially with respect changes its composition metabolites during progression. Herein, we summarize roles microbiota’s metabolite play related diseases. Furthermore, discuss potential therapeutic treatments that can be used modulate microbiome target relevant metabolic pathways

Язык: Английский

---

Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 294 - 294

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review most recent research advancements gut microbiota–immune axis. We discuss detail how microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such maternal imprinting, utero intestinal metabolome, weaning reaction. describe shapes both innate adaptive immunity with emphasis on short-chain fatty acids secondary bile acids. also comprehensively delineate disruption axis results immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diabetes, hypertension), autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity asthma allergies), psychological anxiety), cancer colorectal hepatic). further encompass role fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary polyphenols reshaping therapeutic potential. Continuing, examine modulates therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, JAK anti-TNF therapies. lastly mention current challenges metagenomics, germ-free models, recapitulation to achieve fundamental understanding regulates immunity. Altogether, this proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from perspective microbiome-targeted interventions.

Язык: Английский

---

The diet rapidly and differentially affects the gut microbiota and host lipid mediators in a healthy population

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2023

Abstract Background Bioactive lipids produced by human cells or the gut microbiota might play an important role in health and disease. Dietary intakes are key determinants of microbiota, its production short-chain (SCFAs) branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), host endocannabinoidome signalling, which all involved metabolic diseases. This hypothesis-driven longitudinal fixed sequence nutritional study, realized healthy participants, was designed to determine if a lead-in diet affects response short-term dietary intervention. Participants received Mediterranean (MedDiet) for 3 days, 13-day controlled reflecting average Canadian intake (CanDiet), once again MedDiet consecutive days. Fecal blood samples were collected at end each phase evaluate alterations composition plasma levels mediators, SCFAs, BCFAs. Results We observed immediate reversible modulation BCFAs, some SCFAs both diets. BCFAs more strongly reduced when latter preceded CanDiet. The also immediate, but not changes due CanDiet following short Higher initial microbiome diversity associated with after interventions. that 2-monoacylglycerols had many, distinct, correlations composition. Several taxa modulated intervention previously disorders, warranting need control recent observational association studies. Conclusions Our results indicate lipid mediators communication between metabolism exhibit rapid changes, is case some, all, taxa. influenced BCFA, endocannabinoidome, MedDiet. A higher favored stability changes. study highlights importance considering previous studies relating signals metabolism.

Язык: Английский

---

Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(10), С. 9087 - 9087

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role human health and disease, including inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known diseases, such as bowel rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, but also risk factors, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved modulating are multiple related mechanisms. Indeed, microbiome cooperate a metabolically active superorganism, this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of splanchnic circulation associated with edema intestinal wall, altered function permeability barrier result translocation bacteria their products into circulation, further enhancing pro-inflammatory conditions underlying disorders. aim present review describe complex interplay between microbiota, its metabolites, development evolution We discuss possible interventions intended modulate reduce risk.

Язык: Английский

---

The Interplay of Dietary Fibers and Intestinal Microbiota Affects Type 2 Diabetes by Generating Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(5), С. 1023 - 1023

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Foods contain dietary fibers which can be classified into soluble and insoluble forms. The nutritional composition of fast foods is considered unhealthy because it negatively affects the production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Dietary fiber resistant to digestive enzymes in gut, modulates anaerobic intestinal microbiota (AIM) fabricates SCFAs. Acetate, butyrate, propionate are dominant gut generated via Wood–Ljungdahl acrylate pathways. In pancreatic dysfunction, release insulin/glucagon impaired, leading hyperglycemia. SCFAs enhance insulin sensitivity or secretion, beta-cell function, leptin release, mitochondrial gluconeogenesis human organs, positively type 2 diabetes (T2D). Research models have shown that either peptide YY (PYY) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from L-cells (entero-endocrine), promotes hormone adipose tissues through G-protein receptors GPR-41 GPR-43. a component influences by AIM, may beneficial effects on T2D. This review focuses effectiveness producing colon AIM as well health-promoting

Язык: Английский

---

The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters human body or brain can induce inflammation act as an endotoxin. We outline hypothesis here that may contribute to pathophysiology Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via peripheral infections gut dysfunction elevating levels in blood brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology microglial activation, contributing neurodegeneration AD. The evidence supporting this includes: i) are elevated AD patients, ii) risk factors increase response, iii) induces Aβ expression, aggregation, neurotoxicity, iv) TAU phosphorylation, aggregation spreading, v) priming, activation vi) loss synapses, neurons memory mouse models, cognitive humans. However, test hypothesis, it is necessary whether reducing reduces progression. If endotoxin correct, then treatments might include: infections, changing microbiome, leaky gut, decreasing LPS, blocking response.

Язык: Английский

---

Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence connections between and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding functional regulating immune responses to immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research decipher complicated crosstalk among microbiota, systemic system, context Additionally, as can account immune-related adverse events, discuss potential interventions minimize these effects clinical application five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase efficacy Finally, holds promising target immunotherapeutics, summarize current challenges provide general outlook on future directions field.

Язык: Английский

---

Human gut microbiome, diet, and mental disorders

International Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping composition and metabolic activities gut microbiome. The microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, synthesis bioactive molecules. In addition, has been described as critical for development several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry an emerging field research that may provide link between diet, microbial function, brain health. this study, we have reviewed influence different diet types, such Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, ketogenic, on microbiota their implication various neuropsychiatric psychological

Язык: Английский

---

A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship among Diet–Gut Microbiota–Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(17), С. 9366 - 9366

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which play pivotal role in numerous physiological processes, including digestion, metabolism, immune function. Recent research has highlighted significant impact diet on microbiota composition functionality, consequential effects host health. Concurrently, there is growing evidence linking to inflammation, key factor many chronic diseases such inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular (CVDs). This review explores how dietary components influence composition, these microbial changes affect pathways, therapeutic implications modulating this axis for prevention management. Beneficial patterns, Mediterranean (MD) plant-based diets, promote diverse balanced supporting anti-inflammatory pathways. Conversely, Western (WD), high saturated fats refined sugars, associated with dysbiosis increased inflammation. With all links between three variables considered, attempts offer thorough examination triangle formed by food.

Язык: Английский

---