A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(4), С. 1920 - 1935

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects physiology has gained substantial attention in the field psychiatry. This is largely due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both potential functionality and biological thought be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised current literature investigating differences composition people major psychiatric disorders, depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) schizophrenia (SZ), compared ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored across disorders an attempt elucidate commonalities microbial signatures these Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through December 2021. identified 44 studies (including a total 2510 cases 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, which 24 investigated MDD, seven BD, 15 SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for difference number or distribution (α-diversity) bacteria those However, relatively consistent reporting overall community (β-diversity) without specific bacterial taxa commonly including lower levels genera produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher lactic acid-producing bacteria, glutamate GABA metabolism. observed heterogeneity regards methodologies reporting. Further prospective experimental research using new tools robust guidelines hold promise improving our role brain health development interventions based on modification microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Major depressive disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2022

There is emerging evidence that diet has a major modulatory influence on brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions with important implications for brain health, and several disorders. The BGM system made up of neuroendocrine, neural, immune communication channels which establish network bidirectional between the brain, gut its microbiome. Diet not only plays crucial role in shaping microbiome, but it can modulate structure function through these channels. In this review, we summarize available from preclinical clinical studies dietary habits interventions selected group psychiatric neurologic disorders including depression, cognitive decline, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder epilepsy. We will particularly address diet-induced microbiome changes have been implicated effects, some are shared different While majority findings demonstrated cross-sectional, epidemiological studies, to date there insufficient mechanistic human make conclusions about causality specific microbially mediated function. Many benefits health attributed anti-inflammatory effects by microbial metabolites fiber polyphenols. new attention given factors potential improve treatment outcomes currently pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Roles and Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 28, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal loss, caused several factors. Numerous clinical experimental studies have suggested involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis patients with AD. The altered can influence brain behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis via various pathways such as increased amyloid-β deposits tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, chronic oxidative stress. With no current effective therapy to cure AD, modulation may be promising therapeutic option prevent or delay onset AD counteract its progression. Our present review summarizes alterations pathogenetic roles mechanisms microbiota-targeted therapies for Understanding between will help decipher pathogenesis from novel perspectives shed light on strategies

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation, Lifestyle Factors, and the Microbiome‐Gut‐Brain Axis: Relevance to Depression and Antidepressant Action

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 113(2), С. 246 - 259

Опубликована: Март 12, 2022

Depression is considered a major public health concern, where existing pharmacological treatments are not equally effective across all patients. The pathogenesis of depression involves the interaction complex biological components, such as immune system and microbiota‐gut‐brain axis. Adjunctive lifestyle‐oriented approaches for depression, including physical exercise special diets promising therapeutic options when combined with traditional antidepressants. However, mechanisms action these strategies incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that specific dietary regimens can modulate both gut microbiota composition. Here, we review current information about to alleviate their crosstalk inflammatory microbiome. We further discuss role axis possible mediator adjunctive therapies through mechanisms. Finally, future manipulate potential use exercise, interventions, prebiotics/probiotics, fecal transplantation.

Язык: Английский

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Feed your microbes to deal with stress: a psychobiotic diet impacts microbial stability and perceived stress in a healthy adult population

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(2), С. 601 - 610

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

Abstract The impact of diet on the microbiota composition and role in supporting optimal mental health have received much attention last decade. However, whether whole dietary approaches can exert psychobiotic effects is largely understudied. Thus, we investigated influence a (high prebiotic fermented foods) microbial profile function as well outcomes healthy human population. Forty-five adults were randomized into either ( n = 24) or control 21) for 4 weeks. Fecal was characterized using shotgun sequencing. Stress, overall assessed validated questionnaires. Metabolic profiling plasma, urine fecal samples performed. Intervention with resulted reductions perceived stress (32% vs. 17% group), but not between groups. Similarly, biological marker affected. Additionally, higher adherence to stronger decreases stress. While intervention elicited only subtle changes function, significant level 40 specific lipids urinary tryptophan metabolites observed. Lastly, volatility linked greater scores those diet. These results highlight that be used reduce cohort. Using microbiota-targeted diets positively modulate gut-brain communication holds possibilities reduction stress-associated disorders, additional research warranted investigate underlying mechanisms, including microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism increasing treatment strategies. this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, hormones, microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, epigenetic regulation gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet nanotechnology application regulate Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. liver-brain contains Aβ future, better interactions will promote development novel preventative strategies discovery precise therapeutic targets multiple diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Feeding gut microbes to nourish the brain: unravelling the diet–microbiota–gut–brain axis

Nature Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(8), С. 1454 - 1478

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 158, С. 105562 - 105562

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has increasing attention on ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, positively impact behaviour though microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed axis for positive benefits. This review highlights diverse nature fermented in terms raw materials used type fermentation employed, summarises their potential shape composition microbiota, brain communication pathways including immune system and, ultimately, modulate Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps challenges faced designing human studies investigating health-promoting individual or components thereof. Importantly, also suggest solutions that can advance understanding therapeutic merit

Язык: Английский

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The impact of the Mediterranean diet on alleviating depressive symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Nutrition Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

Abstract Context High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced risk of depression in prospective cohort studies, but whether MD interventions are effective among adults is uncertain. Objective This study aimed synthesize findings on effects severity depressive symptoms depression. Data Sources PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web Science were systematically searched from database inception March 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review Meta-Analyses guidelines recommendations followed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes after control conditions disorders or symptoms. Extraction Two authors extracted data independently. Sidik-Jonkman estimator, I2 metric, prediction interval used estimate between-study heterogeneity. To determine bias certainty evidence RCTs, we Collaboration’s Risk Bias 2 Grades Recommendation, Assessment, Development, Evaluation tools, respectively. Analysis In total, 1507 participants (mean age range: 22.0 years–53.3 years) initially 5 RCTs this review. Compared conditions, significantly young middle-aged major mild moderate (standardized mean difference: –0.53; 95% confidence interval: –0.90 –0.16; = 87.1%). ranged –1.86 0.81. overall was within range “some concerns” “high,” while low. Conclusion appear have substantial potential alleviating people experiencing However, establish robust recommendations, there remains need high-quality, large-scale, long-term RCTs. Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022341895.

Язык: Английский

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