Polish journal of environmental studies

Applied Catalysis A General, Год журнала: 1993, Номер 106(1), С. N3 - N4

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 1993

Язык: Английский

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Getting the message right on nature‐based solutions to climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(8), С. 1518 - 1546

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Abstract Nature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS deliver multiple benefits for people nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns this is distracting from need rapidly phase out use fossil fuels protect existing intact ecosystems. also expansion forestry framed a mitigation solution coming at cost rich biodiverse native ecosystems local resource rights. Here, we discuss promise pitfalls framing its current political traction, present recommendations how get message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners researchers consider synergies trade‐offs associated follow four guiding principles enable provide society: (1) not substitute rapid fuels; (2) wide range land in sea, just forests; (3) implemented full engagement consent Indigenous Peoples communities way respects their cultural ecological rights; (4) should be explicitly designed measurable biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will design robust resilient urgent sustaining nature together, now into future.

Язык: Английский

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Cooling cities through urban green infrastructure: a health impact assessment of European cities

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 401(10376), С. 577 - 589

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Urban heat island mitigation by green infrastructure in European Functional Urban Areas

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 77, С. 103564 - 103564

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2021

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is one of the most harmful environmental hazards for urban dwellers. Climate change expected to increase intensity UHI effect. In this context, implementation Green Infrastructure (UGI) can partially reduce intensity, promoting a resilient environment and contributing climate adaptation mitigation. order achieve result, there need systematically integrate UGI into planning legislation, but process subject availability widely applicable, easily accessible quantitative evidence. To offer big picture heat opportunities mitigate high temperatures, we developed model that reports Ecosystem Service (ES) microclimate regulation in 601 European cities. simulates temperature difference between baseline no-vegetation scenario, extrapolating role mitigating different contexts. Finally, practical, indicator be applied by policymakers city administrations has been elaborated, allowing estimate amount vegetation needed cool summer temperatures certain degree. found cities 1.07 °C on average, up 2.9 °C, 1 drop tree cover at least 16% required. ES mostly dependent inside transpiration canopy evaporation. Furthermore, almost 40% countries, more than half residing population does not benefit from service provided vegetation. Widespread UGI, particular arid regions with insufficient cover, key ensure healthy living conditions citizens.

Язык: Английский

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Surface urban heat islands in Italian metropolitan cities: Tree cover and impervious surface influences

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 751, С. 142334 - 142334

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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An overview of monitoring methods for assessing the performance of nature-based solutions against natural hazards

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 217, С. 103603 - 103603

Опубликована: Март 17, 2021

To bring to fruition the capability of nature-based solutions (NBS) in mitigating hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) and facilitate their widespread uptake require a consolidated knowledge-base related monitoring methods, efficiency, functioning ecosystem services they provide. We attempt fill this knowledge gap by reviewing compiling existing scientific literature on including ground-based measurements (e.g. gauging stations, wireless sensor network) remote sensing observations from topographic LiDAR, multispectral radar sensors) that have been used and/or can be relevant monitor performance NBS against five HMRs: floods, droughts, heatwaves, landslides, storm surges coastal erosion. These allow mapping impacts specific events. found selection application methods mostly rely particular being monitored, resource availability time, budget, space) type HMRs. No standalone method currently exists its broadest view. However, equipments, tools technologies developed for other purposes, such as atmospheric observations, applied accurately mitigate also focused capabilities passive active sensing, pointing out associated opportunities difficulties application. conclude advancement airborne satellite-based technology has signified leap systematic performance, well provided robust way spatial temporal comparison intervention versus absence. This improved measurement support evaluation uncertainty scepticism selecting over artificially built concrete structures or grey approaches addressing questions precariousness. Remote technical developments, however, take time shift toward state operational readiness progress place green growth rate, changes effectiveness through time). More research is required develop holistic approach, which could routinely continually large scale intervention. increase ecological socio-economic benefits NBS, create high levels acceptance confidence overcoming potential implementations.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding policy and technology responses in mitigating urban heat islands: A literature review and directions for future research

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 70, С. 102873 - 102873

Опубликована: Март 23, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Effect of green wall installation on urban heat island and building energy use: A climate-informed systematic literature review

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 159, С. 112100 - 112100

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Linking green infrastructure to urban heat and human health risk mitigation in Oslo, Norway

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 709, С. 136193 - 136193

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2019

The predicted extreme temperatures of global warming are magnified in cities due to the urban heat island effect. Even if target for average temperature increase Paris Climate Agreement is met, during hottest month a northern city like Oslo rise by over 5 °C 2050. We hypothesised that heat-related diagnoses heat-sensitive citizens (75+) correlated monthly air temperatures, and green infrastructure such as tree canopy cover reduces land surface thus health risk from exposure. Monthly were significantly number skin-related at level, but unrelated under circulatory, nervous system, or general categories. Satellite-derived spatially-explicit measures revealed on one days summer 2018, landscape units composed paved, midrise lowrise buildings gave off most (39 °C), whereas complete cover, mixed (i.e. grass) vegetation maintained between 29 32 °C. Land negatively (R2 = 0.45) greenness 0.41). In scenario which each was replaced common non-tree its neighbourhood, area exceeding 30 threshold would 23 29%. Combining modelling results with population census tract we estimated currently mitigates additional exposure person day. Our indicate maintaining restoring provides an ecosystem service reduction. findings have particular relevance benefit estimation accounting municipal policy decisions regarding ecosystem-based climate adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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Global long-term mapping of surface temperature shows intensified intra-city urban heat island extremes

Global Environmental Change, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 72, С. 102441 - 102441

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2021

Surface temperatures are generally higher in cities than rural surroundings. This phenomenon, known as Urban Heat Island (SUHI), increases the risk of heat-related human illnesses and mortality. Past global studies analysed this phenomenon aggregated at city scale or over seasonal annual time periods, while impacts strongly depend on shorter term heat stress experienced locally. Here we develop a long-term high-resolution dataset daytime SUHI, offering an insight into space–time variability urban–rural temperature differences which is unprecedented scale. Our results show that across urban areas worldwide period 2003–2020, 3-day SUHI extremes average more twice high warm-season median with local exceedances up to 10 K. Over period, have increased rapidly medians, averaged now 1.04 K 31% compared 2003. can be linked increasing urbanisation, frequent heatwaves, greening earth, processes all expected continue coming decades. Within many there hotspots where extreme intensity 10–15 relatively cooler parts. Given limited adaptability stress, our advocate for mitigation strategies targeted reducing most vulnerable exposed neighbourhoods.

Язык: Английский

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