Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9(12), С. 1050 - 1055
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone,
also
known
as
6PPD-quinone
(6PPD-Q),
was
recently
identified
the
toxic
chemical
that
causes
acute
mortality
in
coho
salmon
following
exposure
to
urban
road
runoff.
Subsequent
studies
found
there
were
large
differences
sensitivity
6PPD-Q
(>100-fold)
even
among
salmonid
species.
Here
we
performed
96
h
toxicity
tests
of
with
three
species
(Salvelinus
leucomaenis
pluvius,
Salvelinus
curilus,
and
Oncorhynchus
masou
masou)
lethally
S.
pluvius
a
24
median
lethal
concentration
(LC50)
0.51
μg/L
but
not
other
two
at
environmentally
relevant
concentrations
(<3.8
μg/L).
In
addition,
measured
suspected
monohydroxylated
metabolite
brain
gill
tissues
for
The
internal
(ILC50)
estimated
be
4.0
μg/kg
wet
weight
6.2
while
tissue
surviving
exceeded
ILC50
values
pluvius.
These
results
suggest
might
affected
by
toxicodynamic
factors
well
toxicokinetics.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
10(10), С. 815 - 823
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
is
a
chemical
added
to
tires
prevent
their
oxidative
degradation.
6PPD
highly
reactive
with
ozone
and
oxygen,
leading
the
formation
of
transformation
products
such
as
quinone
(6PPDQ)
on
tire
surfaces
and,
subsequently,
in
road
wear
particles.
6PPDQ
toxicant
that
has
been
found
roadway
runoff
receiving
water
systems.
Its
presence
municipal
stormwater
led
acute
mortality
coho
salmon
during
migration
urban
creeks
reproduce,
generating
global
interest
studying
its
occurrence
toxicity
environment.
This
review
aims
provide
critical
overview
current
state
knowledge
6PPDQ,
assisting
researchers
policymakers
understanding
potential
impacts
this
emerging
environment
human
health.
As
there
are
many
unanswered
questions
surrounding
further
research
needed.
highlights
importance
including
regulations
for
6PPD,
well
all
synthetic
chemicals
concern.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
927, С. 171153 - 171153
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
About
3
billion
new
tires
are
produced
each
year
and
about
800
million
become
waste
annually.
Global
dependence
upon
from
natural
rubber
petroleum-based
compounds
represents
a
persistent
complex
environmental
problem
with
only
partial
often-times,
ineffective
solutions.
Tire
emissions
may
be
in
the
form
of
whole
tires,
tire
particles,
chemical
compounds,
which
is
transported
through
various
atmospheric,
terrestrial,
aquatic
routes
built
environments.
Production
use
generates
multiple
heavy
metals,
plastics,
PAH's,
other
that
can
toxic
alone
or
as
cocktails.
Used
require
storage
space,
energy
intensive
to
recycle,
generally
have
few
post-wear
uses
not
also
potential
sources
pollutants
(e.g.,
crumb
rubber,
pavements,
burning).
particles
emitted
during
major
component
microplastics
urban
runoff
source
unique
highly
potent
substances.
Thus,
represent
ubiquitous
pollutant
requires
comprehensive
examination
develop
effective
management
remediation.
We
approach
issue
pollution
holistically
by
examining
life
cycle
across
production,
emissions,
recycling,
disposal.
In
this
paper,
we
synthesize
recent
research
data
human
health
risks
associated
use,
disposal
discuss
gaps
our
knowledge
fate
transport,
well
toxicology
leachates.
examine
remediation
approaches
for
addressing
exposure
tires.
consider
three
levels:
their
state,
particulates,
mixture
Finally,
information
understanding
outline
key
questions
improve
ability
manage
remediate
pollution.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(36), С. 13429 - 13438
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023
The
rubber
antioxidant
6PPD
has
gained
significant
attention
due
to
its
highly
toxic
transformation
product,
6PPD-quinone
(6PPDQ).
Despite
their
detection
in
urines
of
pregnant
women,
the
placental
transfer
and
developmental
toxicity
6PPDQ
are
unknown.
Here,
we
treated
C57Bl/6
mice
with
4
mg/kg
or
investigate
urine
excretion
transfer.
Female
male
exhibited
sex
difference
profiles
6PPDQ.
Urine
concentrations
were
one
order
magnitude
lower
than
those
6PPD,
suggesting
higher
bioaccumulation
In
from
embryonic
day
11.5
15.5,
showed
∼1.5–8
times
placenta,
embryo
body,
brain,
Using
vitro
dual-luciferase
reporter
assays,
revealed
that
activated
human
retinoic
acid
receptor
α
(RARα)
retinoid
X
(RXRα)
at
as
low
0.3
μM,
which
was
∼10-fold
detected
urines.
RXRα
1.2
μM.
These
results
demonstrate
exposure
risks
during
pregnancy
emphasize
need
for
further
toxicological
epidemiological
investigations.