Recycled tire rubber materials in the spotlight. Determination of hazardous and lethal substances DOI Creative Commons

Andrés Duque-Villaverde,

Daniel Armada, Thierry Dagnac

и другие.

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 929, С. 172674 - 172674

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

One way of recycling end-of-life tires is by shredding them to obtain crumb rubber, a microplastic material (<0.5 mm), used as infill in artificial turf sports fields or playground flooring. There emerging concern about the health and environmental consequences that this type surfaces can cause. This research aims develop an analytical methodology able determine 11 compounds concern, including antiozonants such N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) N, N´-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD), vulcanization crosslinking agents, N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS), 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG) hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) from tire rubber. Ultrasound assisted extraction followed liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-LC-MS/MS) validated demonstrating suitability. The applied monitor target forty real rubber samples different origin including, football pitches, outdoor indoor playgrounds, urban pavements, commercial samples, tires. Several alternative materials, sand, cork granulates, thermoplastic elastomers coconut fibres, are also collected analysed. All analytes identified quantified samples. antiozonant 6PPD present at highest concentrations up 0.2 % new synthetic fields. rubber-derived chemical 6PPD-quinone (2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione), recently linked acute mortality salmons, found all types attaining 40 μg g−1 pitches. agent HMMM detected most playing surfaces, 36 g−1. tested alternatives free compounds. To best our knowledge, study largest considering particles first focus on these playgrounds analysis HMMM, DTG material.

Язык: Английский

Transformation Products of Tire Rubber Antioxidant 6PPD in Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Ozonation: Identification and Environmental Occurrence DOI
Haoqi Zhao, Ximin Hu, Zhenyu Tian

и другие.

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(14), С. 5621 - 5632

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

6PPD, a tire rubber antioxidant, poses substantial ecological risks because it can form highly toxic quinone transformation product (TP), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), during exposure to gas-phase ozone. Important data gaps exist regarding the structures, reaction mechanisms, and environmental occurrence of TPs from 6PPD ozonation. To address these gaps, ozonation was conducted over 24–168 h were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The probable structures proposed for 23 with 5 subsequently standard-verified. Consistent prior findings, 6PPDQ (C18H22N2O2) one major in (∼1 19% yield). Notably, not observed 6QDI (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-quinonediimine), indicating that formation does proceed through or associated TPs. Other included multiple C18H22N2O C18H22N2O2 isomers, presumptive N-oxide, N,N′-dioxide, orthoquinone structures. Standard-verified quantified roadway-impacted samples, total concentrations 130 ± 3.2 μg/g methanol extracts tread wear particles (TWPs), 34 4 μg/g-TWP aqueous TWP leachates, 2700 1500 ng/L roadway runoff, 1900 1200 creeks. These demonstrate are likely an important ubiquitous class contaminants environments.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

78

Airborne hydrophilic microplastics in cloud water at high altitudes and their role in cloud formation DOI Creative Commons
Yize Wang, Hiroshi Okochi,

Yuto Tani

и другие.

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(6), С. 3055 - 3062

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

Abstract Microplastic pollution is occurring in most ecosystem, yet their presence high altitude clouds and influence on cloud formation climate change are poorly known. Here we analyzed microplastics water sampled at the summits of Japan mountains 1300–3776 m by attenuated total reflection imaging micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We observed nine including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide 6, polycarbonate, ethylene–propylene copolymer or polyethylene–polypropylene alloy, polyurethane, epoxy resin. were fragmented, with mean concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 13.9 pieces per liter, Feret diameters 7.1 94.6 μm. Microplastics bearing hydrophilic groups such as carbonyl and/or hydroxyl abundant, suggesting that they might have acted condensation nuclei ice water. Overall, our finding suggest high-altitude and, turn, modify climate.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

64

Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways DOI
Haoqi Zhao, Sydney P. Thomas, Mark J. Zylka

и другие.

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(36), С. 13429 - 13438

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

The rubber antioxidant 6PPD has gained significant attention due to its highly toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ). Despite their detection in urines of pregnant women, the placental transfer and developmental toxicity 6PPDQ are unknown. Here, we treated C57Bl/6 mice with 4 mg/kg or investigate urine excretion transfer. Female male exhibited sex difference profiles 6PPDQ. Urine concentrations were one order magnitude lower than those 6PPD, suggesting higher bioaccumulation In from embryonic day 11.5 15.5, showed ∼1.5–8 times placenta, embryo body, brain, Using vitro dual-luciferase reporter assays, revealed that activated human retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) retinoid X (RXRα) at as low 0.3 μM, which was ∼10-fold detected urines. RXRα 1.2 μM. These results demonstrate exposure risks during pregnancy emphasize need for further toxicological epidemiological investigations.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

54

Occurrence and Fate of Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones in Hong Kong Wastewater Treatment Plants DOI Creative Commons
Guodong Cao, Wei Wang, Jing Zhang

и другие.

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(41), С. 15635 - 15643

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023

-Phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) are a newly discovered class of transformation products derived from

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

50

Widespread occurrence of two typical N, N’-substituted p-phenylenediamines and their quinones in humans: Association with oxidative stress and liver damage DOI
Shiming Song, Yanxia Gao,

Shuai Feng

и другие.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 468, С. 133835 - 133835

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

40

Solar-light-activated periodate for degradation and detoxification of highly toxic 6PPD-quinone at environmental levels DOI
Long Chen, Jingrun Hu, Alistair G.L. Borthwick

и другие.

Nature Water, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(5), С. 453 - 463

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

36

Occurrence and partitioning of p-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives in water and sediment DOI
Jianqiang Zhu,

Ruyue Guo,

Fangfang Ren

и другие.

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 914, С. 170046 - 170046

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

33

Occurrence of p-phenylenediamine antioxidants in human urine DOI
Weili Mao, Hangbiao Jin,

Ruyue Guo

и другие.

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 914, С. 170045 - 170045

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

31

Comparison of intestinal toxicity in enhancing intestinal permeability and in causing ROS production of six PPD quinones in Caenorhabditis elegans DOI
Yuxing Wang, Geyu Liang, Jie Chao

и другие.

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 927, С. 172306 - 172306

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

25

UV-induced photodegradation of emerging para-phenylenediamine quinones in aqueous environment: Kinetics, products identification and toxicity assessments DOI
Wei Wang, Guodong Cao, Jing Zhang

и другие.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 465, С. 133427 - 133427

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

21