The triple exposure nexus of microplastic particles, plastic-associated chemicals, and environmental pollutants from a human health perspective

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 188, С. 108736 - 108736

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

The presence of microplastics (MPs) is increasing at a dramatic rate globally, posing risks for exposure and subsequent potential adverse effects on human health. Apart from being physical objects, MP particles contain thousands plastic-associated chemicals (i.e., monomers, chemical additives, non-intentionally added substances) captured within the polymer matrix. These are often migrating MPs can be found in various environmental matrices food chains; health effects. In addition to attributes MPs, plastic surfaces effectively bind exogenous chemicals, including pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants). Therefore, act as vectors pollution across air, drinking water, food, further amplifying posed by exposure. Critically, fragmentation plastics environment increases risk interactions with cells, available leach adsorb transfer pollutants. This review proposes so-called triple nexus approach comprehensively map existing knowledge interconnected particles, Based data, there large gap regard cumulative nexus. Each component known induce genotoxicity, inflammation, endocrine disruption, but about long-term inter-individual lacking. Furthermore, not readily excreted organisms after ingestion they have been accumulated blood, cardiac tissue, placenta, etc. Even though number studies MPs-associated impacts rapidly, this underscores that pressing necessity achieve an integrated assessment MPs' order address future gaps.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive characterization of indoor ambient microplastics in households during the COVID-19 pandemic

Air Quality Atmosphere & Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(9), С. 2017 - 2033

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract Airborne microplastics (MPs) can be easily inhaled by humans, impacting their health as they spend more than 80% of time indoors, especially during the pandemic. Only a few research studies have examined indoor MPs in micrometer size range using active sampling, and mainly concentrated on that are millimeters size. This study investigated composition airborne sampling seven houses city center northwestern Turkey (Eskişehir) COVID-19 The visual identification showed presence different colored MPs, white, red, orange, green, yellow, with shapes (fibers, fragments, films, lines, foam, pellets). identified was between 2.5 327.36 μm. polymeric analysis 123 all samples 22 compositions. Residents these exposed to inhalation estimates ranging from 12.03 18.51 MPs/m 3 . However, it also estimated humans inhale 156–240 daily houses. dominant were polyamide 6, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ethylene propylene, polystyrene, high-density polyethylene. Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive x-ray elemental revealed common structural elements, additives, or vectors added adsorbed like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, silicon, chlorine, nitrogen, aluminum. These environments prone MP pollution. Still, level varies due characteristics environments, activities number occupants/people space, etc. smaller highlight necessity for standardized techniques collection.

Язык: Английский

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Genotoxicity of Microplastics on Living Organisms: Effects on Chromosomes, DNA and Gene Expression

Environments, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1), С. 10 - 10

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Microplastic exposure has become unavoidable, leading to their presence in living organisms. One area of particular concern is the genotoxicity microplastics, which implications for reproductive health and cancer development. This review aims highlight genotoxic effects microplastics on different organisms, focusing impacts chromosomes, DNA, gene expression. More than 85 papers, primarily published last five years, have been reviewed. indicates that can cause clastogenesis aneugenesis at chromosome level. Clastogenesis results damage, while leads failures segregation without causing direct damage. Additionally, fracture damage DNA. These arise from (1) through interactions with associated proteins; (2) indirect due production reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oxidative stress induced microplastics. Microplastics trigger activation genes related inflammatory response, increased ROS production. Furthermore, they may alter expression other biological processes. The linked stem particles themselves chemicals, it appears be both size- dose-dependent.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular and Cellular Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Focus on Inflammation and Senescence

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(21), С. 1788 - 1788

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Their prevalence, persistence, increasing industrial production have led to questions about their long-term impact on human animal health. This narrative review describes the effects of MNPs oxidative stress, inflammation, aging. Exposure leads increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) across multiple experimental models, including cell lines, organoids, systems. ROS can cause damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids. Direct interaction between immune cells or an indirect result stress-mediated may lead pro-inflammatory cytokines throughout different MNP-exposure conditions. inflammatory response is a common feature in pathogenesis neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, other age-related diseases. also act senescence inducers by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction, impairing autophagy, activating DNA responses, exacerbating aging altogether. Increased reproductive transfer MNPs/induced damages from parents offspring animals further corroborates transgenerational health risks tiny particles. aims provoke deeper investigation into notorious these pervasive particles well-being longevity.

Язык: Английский

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Aged polystyrene microplastics exacerbate alopecia associated with tight junction injuries and apoptosis via oxidative stress pathway in skin

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 186, С. 108638 - 108638

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants in the natural environment and contribute to increased levels of illness both animals humans. However, specific impacts MPs on skin damage alopecia not yet well understood. In this study, we have examined effects two types polystyrene (pristine aged) hair follicle mice. UV irradiation changed chemical physical properties aged MPs, including functional groups, surface roughness, contact angles. vivo vitro experiments, cell injuries related oxidative stress, apoptosis, tight junctions (TJs), alopecia, mitochondrial dysfunction, other damages were observed. Mechanistically, can induce TJs via stress pathway inhibition antioxidant-related proteins, lead alopecia. The regulation apoptosis was also observed, is involved ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Importantly, showed exacerbated toxicity, which may be due their elevated irregularities altered compositions. Collectively, study suggests a potential therapeutic approach for caused by pollution.

Язык: Английский

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Microplastics in the Human Body: Exposure, Detection, and Risk of Carcinogenesis: A State-of-the-Art Review

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(21), С. 3703 - 3703

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Humans cannot avoid plastic exposure due to its ubiquitous presence in the natural environment. The waste generated is poorly biodegradable and exists form of MPs, which can enter human body primarily through digestive tract, respiratory or damaged skin accumulate various tissues by crossing biological membrane barriers. There an increasing amount research on health effects MPs. Most literature reports focus impact plastics respiratory, digestive, reproductive, hormonal, nervous, immune systems, as well metabolic MPs accumulation leading epidemics obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. xenobiotics, undergo ADMET processes body, i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, are not fully understood. Of particular concern carcinogenic chemicals added during manufacturing adsorbed from environment, such chlorinated paraffins, phthalates, phenols, bisphenols, be released when absorbed body. continuous increase NMP has accelerated SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there was a need use single-use products daily life. Therefore, urgent diagnose problems related MP detection.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic and phenotypic changes induced by PFAS exposure in two human hepatocyte cell models

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 190, С. 108820 - 108820

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

PFAS are ubiquitous industrial chemicals with known adverse health effects, particularly on the liver. The liver, being a vital metabolic organ, is susceptible to PFAS-induced dysregulation, leading conditions such as hepatotoxicity and disturbances. In this study, we investigated phenotypic responses of exposure using two hepatocyte models, HepG2 (male cell line) HepaRG (female line), aiming define alterations, disturbances at metabolite pathway levels. mixture composition was selected based epidemiological data, covering broad concentration spectrum observed in diverse human populations. Phenotypic profiling by Cell Painting assay disclosed predominant effects mitochondrial structure function both models well F-actin, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane-associated measures. We employed comprehensive characterization liquid chromatography combined high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). dose-dependent changes profiles, lipid, steroid, amino acid sugar carbohydrate metabolism cells media, line showing stronger response. cells, most bile acids, acylcarnitines free fatty acids showed downregulation, while medium-chain carnosine were upregulated, media different response especially relation media. Importantly, also nonmonotonic for several features metabolites. On level, associated pathways indicating oxidative stress inflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings disruptions hepatocytes shed light potential mechanisms contributing broader comprehension PFAS-related risks.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond Visibility: Microorganisms for tackling plastic and microplastic problems for cleaner future

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 497, С. 154585 - 154585

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Microplastics in the commercially available branded milk in Bangladesh: An emerging threat for human health

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 477, С. 135374 - 135374

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Toxicity assessment of DMSO extracts of environmental aged beached plastics using human cell lines

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 289, С. 117604 - 117604

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Plastic products contain complex mixtures of chemical compounds that are incorporated into polymers to improve material properties. Besides the intentional additives, other including residual monomers and non-intentionnaly added substances (NIAS) as well sorbed pollutants usually also present in aged plastic. Since most these only loosely bound polymer via non-covalently interactions, i.e., van der Waals forces, they may leach surrounding environment. Although there is increasing knowledge about toxicity weathered plastic aquatic organisms, little known how associated chemicals affect human health. Seafood consumption one routes exposure microplastics. The aim this study was evaluate ability naturally induce harmful effects health MP-contaminated seafood. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cells were selected model colon liver respectively. They for their high capacity metabolize organic contaminants. Both cell lines exposed DMSO extracts different plastics investigate on viability, oxidative stress induction genotoxicity. In addition, estrogenic DMSO-extracts evaluated using an estrogen-dependent reporter gene assay T47D-Kbluc breast cancer cells. Chemical profiles polymer-dependent, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) highly contaminated metals while polypropylene (PP) contained lowest concentration metals. Organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mainly found PVC, density polyethylene (HDPE) PP extracts, whereas extracted had less no contamination (polyethylene terephthalate PET). PVC toxic inducing cytotoxicity both lines. DNA damage observed HDPE, nylon. Reactive oxygen species induced nylon intestinal No PET none tested any effect. Our results demonstrate some environmental released a variety unknown which vitro contribute adverse plastics.

Язык: Английский

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