Critical assessment of nitrogen use efficiency indicators: Bridging new and old paradigms to improve sustainable nitrogen management

European Journal of Agronomy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 159, С. 127231 - 127231

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Nitrogen Distribution and Soil Microbial Community Characteristics in A Legume–cereal Intercropping System: A Review

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

Intercropping systems can flexibly use resources such as sunlight, heat, water, and nutrients in time space, improve crop yield land utilization rates, effectively reduce continuous cropping obstacles the occurrence of diseases insect pests, control growth weeds. Thus, intercropping is a safe efficient ecological planting mode. The legume–cereal system most common combination. Legume crops fix nitrogen from atmosphere through their symbiotic fixation abilities, fixed be transferred to utilized by cereal various ways. efficiency legume was improved reducing inhibition soil on nitrogenase activity competitive absorption nitrogen. However, effects transformation distribution systems, microbial community structure characteristics transfer need further explored. In this review, ⅰ) we present system; ⅱ) describe systems; ⅲ) discuss advantages using modern biological molecular techniques study microorganisms. We conclude that increase diversity microorganisms, interaction between different plants has an important impact composition bacterial fungal communities. extensive application research great contribution sustainable agriculture are particularly emphasized review.

Язык: Английский

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Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a staple food for more than half of the global population, and sustaining productivity under scarcity resources challenging to meet future demands inflating population. The aerobic rice system can be transformational replacement traditional rice, but widespread adaptation this innovative approach has been challenged due higher losses nitrogen (N) reduced N-use efficiency (NUE). For normal growth developmental processes in crop plants, N required amounts. mineral nutrient an important constituent amino acids, nucleic many photosynthetic metabolites, hence essential plant metabolism. Excessive application fertilizers improves yield, compromises economic environmental sustainability. Irregular uncontrolled use have elevated several issues linked form nitrous oxide (N 2 O), ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrate (NO – thereby threatening sustainability warming potential, ozone depletion capacities, abilities eutrophicate water resources. Hence, enhancing NUE become urgent need development sustainable production system. This article was designed investigate major challenge low evaluate recent advances pathways cycle system, suggest agronomic management approaches improve NUE. objective review about optimizing inputs while ensuring safety. elaborates that different soil conditions significantly shift dynamics via changes comprehensively reviews facts why are high which factors hinder attaining NUE, how it eco-efficient through managements. Moreover, explores interactive mechanisms proper accomplished optimized fertilizer amendments. Meanwhile, study suggests agricultural approaches, such site-specific management, integrated (INM), incorporation with enhanced may interactively uptake Additionally, resource conservation practices, residue green manuring, improved genetic breeding, precision farming, enhance Deep insights into necessarily suggested adjustments reduce Future research on encouraged focusing evaluation shifts among activities diversity microbial communities, applying measures, necessary its face projected climate change

Язык: Английский

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A global reference database in FAOSTAT of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 1961–2020

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

Abstract. Nutrient budgets help to identify excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow calculation indicators such as the balance (surplus deficit) efficiency that monitoring agricultural productivity sustainability across world. We present a global database country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) potassium (K) cropland. The database, disseminated FAOSTAT, is meant provide reference, synthesizing continuously updating state-of-the-art on this topic. covers 205 countries territories, well regional aggregates, period 1961 2020. Results highlight wide range efficiencies geographic regions, nutrients, time. For year 2020, data show average N surpluses from about 10 kg ha-1 year-1 Africa more than 90 Asia. Furthermore, they P K deficits 2020 Americas. This study introduces improvements over previous work relation key coefficients affecting estimates, especially removal crop products, manure content, atmospheric deposition biological fixation rates. conclude by discussing future research directions, highlighting need align statistical definitions groups, further refine plant livestock expand all land, including flows meadows pastures.

Язык: Английский

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The nitroplast: A nitrogen-fixing organelle

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6692), С. 160 - 161

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

A bacterial endosymbiont of marine algae evolved to an organelle

Язык: Английский

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