Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(3), С. 1820 - 1845

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized semipermeable structure that highly regulates exchanges between the central nervous system parenchyma and blood vessels. Thus, BBB also prevents passage of various forms therapeutic agents, nanocarriers, their cargos. Recently, many multidisciplinary studies focus on developing cargo-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these challenges, which are emerging as safe effective vehicles in neurotheranostics. In this Review, first we introduce anatomical physiological functions BBB. Second, present endogenous exogenous transport mechanisms by NPs cross We report nanomaterials, carriers, cargos, with detailed uptake permeability characteristics. Third, describe effect regulating size, shape, charge, surface ligands affect permeability, can be exploited enhance promote classify typical functionalized nanomaterials developed for crossing. Fourth, provide comprehensive review recent progress functional polymeric applications multimodal bioimaging, therapeutics, drug delivery. Finally, conclude discussing existing directions, future perspectives employing

Язык: Английский

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The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) diseases are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) often prevents drugs intended for CNS from effectively crossing into brain parenchyma deliver their therapeutic effects. is a semi-permeable with high selectivity. BBB primarily manages transport of substances between blood CNS. To enhance drug delivery disease treatment, various brain-based strategies overcoming have been developed. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) emphasized due multiple excellent properties. This review starts an overview BBB’s anatomical structure physiological roles, then explores mechanisms, both endogenous exogenous, that facilitate NP passage across BBB. text also delves how nanoparticles' shape, charge, size, surface ligands affect ability cross offers different nanoparticle classifications. concludes examination current challenges in utilizing nanomaterials discusses corresponding directions solutions. aims propose innovative diagnostic approaches design more effective Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Bioelectronics hydrogels for implantable cardiac and brain disease medical treatment application

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 139945 - 139945

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Hydrogel-Based Therapies for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

Gels, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(7), С. 476 - 476

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death and a major disability worldwide, significantly impacting individuals, families, healthcare systems. This neurological emergency can be triggered by ischemic events, including small vessel arteriolosclerosis, cardioembolism, large artery atherothromboembolism, as well hemorrhagic incidents resulting from macrovascular lesions, venous sinus thrombosis, or vascular malformations, to significant neuronal damage. The resultant motor impairment, cognitive dysfunction, emotional disturbances underscore urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. Recent advancements in biomaterials, particularly hydrogels, offer promising new avenues stroke management. Hydrogels, composed three-dimensional networks hydrophilic polymers, are notable their ability absorb retain substantial amounts water. Commonly used polymers hydrogel formulations include natural like alginate, chitosan, collagen, synthetic such polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide. Their customizable characteristics—such porosity, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, degradation rates—make hydrogels ideal biomedical applications, drug delivery, cell tissue engineering, controlled release agents. review comprehensively explores hydrogel-based approaches both therapy, elucidating mechanisms which provide neuroprotection. It covers application delivery systems, role reducing inflammation secondary injury, potential support neurogenesis angiogenesis. also discusses current technology challenges translating these innovations research into clinical practice. Additionally, it emphasizes limited number trials utilizing therapies addresses associated limitations constraints, underscoring further this field.

Язык: Английский

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Chronobiological disruptions: unravelling the interplay of shift work, circadian rhythms, and vascular health in the context of stroke risk

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024

Shift work, particularly night shifts, disrupts circadian rhythms and increases stroke risk. This manuscript explores the mechanisms connecting shift work with stroke, focusing on rhythms, hypertension, diabetes. The system, controlled by different including central peripheral clock genes, suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), pineal gland (through melatonin production), regulates body functions responds to environmental signals. Disruptions in this system affect endothelial cells, leading blood pressure issues. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly associated disturbances affecting glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, hormone regulation. examines relationship between melatonin, insulin, balance, highlighting pathways that link T2DM Additionally, dyslipidemia, reduced HDL-c levels, results from contributes development. High lipid levels cause oxidative stress, inflammation, dysfunction, increasing cerebrovascular risks. details effects of dyslipidemia brain functions, disruptions flow, blood–brain barrier integrity, neural cell death. comprehensive analysis emphasizes complex interplay disruption, diabetes, risk among workers. Understanding these essential for developing targeted interventions reduce susceptibility improve health vulnerable population.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring patterns of multimorbidity in South Korea using exploratory factor analysis and non negative matrix factorization

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2025

The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity and the co-occurrence multiple chronic diseases presents a measurable challenge to public health, impacting healthcare strategies planning. This study aimed explore disease patterns temporal clustering using data from South Korea's National Health Insurance Service, spanning 2002–2019. dataset included approximately 1 million individuals, focusing on those with at least two while excluding individuals who died within five years follow-up. We analyzed 126 non-communicable diseases, considering only above 1%, applied wash-out period determine incidence. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) were used identify over time. Participants divided into four groups: men women in their 50 s 60 s. EFA identified seven s, emerged NMF 10 clusters for 15 16 both age groups. Our confirms established comorbidity reveals previously unrecognized clusters, providing data-driven insights mechanisms supporting evidence-based strategies.

Язык: Английский

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FCGR1A Alleviates Ischemic Stroke-induced Injury by Promoting Anti-Inflammatory Microglial Polarization via the AMPK–mTOR Signaling Pathway

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Ischemic stroke triggers inflammatory responses that lead to neuronal damage, with microglial polarization significantly influencing post-stroke inflammation. This study explores the role of Fc gamma receptor Ia (FCGR1A) in and its regulatory mechanisms ischemic stroke. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated were identified using GSE58294 dataset. Hub found by analyzing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. BV2 microglia subjected oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) mimic conditions vitro, FCGR1A marker levels assessed. Besides, cells stimulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induce M1 polarization, effects overexpression knockdown on cytokine production evaluated. The function AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mTOR pathway regulating was further investigated mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAP). From 327 DEGs identified, chosen as a hub gene. OGD/R treatment produced time-dependent rise FCGR1A, induction brown adipocytes 1 (Iba1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression, indicating enhanced induced proinflammatory response promoted whereas reduced inflammation shifted toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Inhibition RAP, combined knockdown, AMPK activation shift modulates affecting AMPK-mTOR signaling conditions. Targeting related pathways could offer new therapeutic strategies lessen facilitate healing process after

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiological trends and forecasts in stroke at global, regional and national levels

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 108347 - 108347

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Stroke, characterized as ischemic or hemorrhagic, leads to severe morbidity, mortality, and recurrence. This research analyzed stroke epidemiological trends from 1990-2021. The Global Burden of Disease database provided data including incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Age-standardized rates (ASRs) Estimated Annual Percent Changes (EAPC) measured incidence mortality shifts. sociodemographic index (SDI) was explored alongside burden. Forecasting until 2035 utilized the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. factors influencing variability burden were subjected decomposition analysis for a more in-depth examination. Additionally, frontier employed visually illustrate opportunities alleviating in each nation region, taking into account their respective stages development.This study slope inequality (SII) concentration index, defined by World Health Organization (WHO), assess absolute relative inequalities disease From 1990-2021, global increased 15.03%, with an overall decline age-standardized rate (ASIR). Lower females than males, rise larger females. Stroke declined 2.60% overall, male decrease female mortality. DALYs increased, 10.67% per 100,000 people. Eastern Europe, Central Asia, East Asia experienced highest rates, greatest ASIR high-income Pacific region. revealed notable Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) within middle Socio-Demographic Index quintile where such aging population growth identified primary contributing elements. indicated that nations regions categorized higher SDI quintiles are likely exhibit greater potential improvement. Projections anticipate cases further ASMR declines. Cross-country suggests both health associated have escalated during period 1990 2021. Despite rising DALYs, decreases seen since 1990. Incidence most quickly females, regional variation observable. High systolic blood pressure remained key risk factor. Future efforts should target prevention treatment mitigate sex, age, disparities.

Язык: Английский

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Stroke Risk Prediction: Comparing Different Sampling Algorithms

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Stroke is a serious disease that has significant impact on the quality of life and safety patients. Accurately predicting stroke risk great significance for preventing treating stroke. In past few years, machine learning methods have shown potential in risk. However, due to imbalance data challenges feature selection model selection, prediction still faces some difficulties.This article aims compare performance differences between different sampling algorithms prediction. This study used over-sampling algorithm (Random Over Sampling SMOTE), under-sampling Under ENN), hybrid (SMOTE-ENN), combined them with common such as K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Support Vector Machine build model.Through analysis experimental results, found SMOTE LR showed good prediction, high F1 score. addition, this overall undersampling better than oversampling algorithms.These research results provide useful references foundation further application. Future can continue explore more algorithms, methods, engineering techniques improve accuracy interpretability promote its application clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Dyslipidemia and Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke: A Post Hoc Analysis of the RICAMIS Study

Journal of the American Heart Association, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Ischemic conditioning-induced cardioprotection was attenuated by dyslipidemia in some animal and clinical studies, which is not investigated patients with stroke. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the RICAMIS (Remote Conditioning for Acute Moderate Stroke) trial to investigate association on admission efficacy remote ischemic conditioning (RIC).

Язык: Английский

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