Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023
Abstract
Utilizing
the
multiple
evidence
of
genetics,
archaeology,
iconography,
graphemics
and
philology,
this
paper
discovers
two
foreign
elements
Niu
Yang
from
Fertile
Crescent,
in
Shang
oracle
inscriptions.
This
discovery
provides
a
clue
to
investigate
relations
several
pictograph
type
writing
systems
Bronze
Age
old
world.
The
connection
graph
pair
with
Halaf
culture
motif
bucrania
mouflons
is
disclosed
by
shared
contents
their
meaning:
taurine
cattle
sheep/goats
Crescent.
second
prototype
pair,
back
view
whole
body
distinguished
head
comparing
motifs
animal
images
according
placement
evolution.
Owing
same
forms,
degree
abstraction,
diagnostic
feature,
huge
curved
horns,
falls
clusters
those
abstract
variants
which
coincide
that
stay
outside
category
all
other
four-legged
animals’
graphs,
not
only
because
different
types,
but
also
more
forms
implying
ancient
times.
Animal Genetics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
54(6), С. 689 - 708
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023
Abstract
Environmental
adaptation
traits
of
indigenous
African
cattle
are
increasingly
being
investigated
to
respond
the
need
for
sustainable
livestock
production
in
context
unpredictable
climatic
changes.
Several
studies
have
highlighted
genomic
regions
under
positive
selection
probably
associated
with
environmental
challenges
(e.g.
heat
stress,
trypanosomiasis,
tick
and
tick‐borne
diseases).
However,
little
attention
has
focused
on
pinpointing
candidate
causative
variant(s)
controlling
traits.
This
review
compiled
information
from
22
signatures
breeds
identify
selection.
We
highlight
some
key
genome
genes
relevance
living
extreme
environments
(high
temperature,
high
altitude,
infectious
disease
prevalence).
They
include
involved
biological
pathways
relating
innate
adaptive
immunity
BoLAs
,
SPAG11
IL1RL2
GFI1B
),
stress
HSPs
SOD1
PRLH
)
hypoxia
responses
BDNF
INPP4A
).
Notably,
highest
numbers
found
BTA3,
BTA5
BTA7.
overlap
playing
roles
several
functions
pathways.
These
but
not
limited
growth
feed
intake,
cell
stability,
protein
stability
sweat
gland
development.
may
further
guide
targeted
aiming
assess
importance
mutations,
within
regulatory
protein‐coding
regions,
understand
mechanisms
underlying
cattle's
unique
adaption.
Cattle
have
been
a
valuable
economic
resource
and
cultural
icon
since
prehistory.
From
the
initial
expansion
of
domestic
cattle
into
Europe
during
Neolithic
period,
taurine
(
Bos
taurus
)
their
wild
ancestor,
aurochs
B.
primigenius
),
had
overlapping
ranges,
leading
to
ample
opportunities
for
mating
(whether
intended
by
farmers
or
not).
We
performed
bioarchaeological
analysis
24
remains
from
Iberia
dating
Mesolithic
Roman
period.
The
archaeogenomic
dataset
allows
us
investigate
extent
domestic-wild
hybridization
over
time,
providing
insight
species’
behavior
human
hunting
management
practices
aligning
changes
with
genomic
transitions
in
archaeological
record.
Our
results
show
frequent
Chalcolithic,
likely
reflecting
mix
herding
relatively
unmanaged
herds,
mostly
male
female
involved
hybridization.
This
is
supported
isotopic
evidence
consistent
ecological
niche
sharing,
only
few
possibly
being
managed.
proportion
ancestry
constant
about
4000
years
ago,
probably
due
herd
selection
against
first
generation
hybrids,
coinciding
other
transitions.
level
(∽20%)
continues
modern
western
European
breeds
including
Spanish
Lidia
breed
which
bred
its
aggressiveness
fighting
ability,
but
does
not
display
elevated
levels
ancestry.
study
takes
glance
at
impact
actions
introgression
establishment
as
one
most
important
species
today.
Cattle
(
Bos
taurus
)
play
an
important
role
in
the
life
of
humans
Iberian
Peninsula
not
just
as
a
food
source
but
also
cultural
events.
When
domestic
cattle
were
first
introduced
to
Iberia,
wild
aurochs
primigenius
still
present,
leaving
ample
opportunity
for
mating
(whether
intended
by
farmers
or
not).
Using
temporal
bioarchaeological
dataset
covering
eight
millennia,
we
trace
gene
flow
between
two
groups.
Our
results
show
frequent
hybridisation
during
Neolithic
and
Chalcolithic,
likely
reflecting
mix
hunting
herding
relatively
unmanaged
herds,
with
mostly
male
female
involved.
This
is
supported
isotopic
evidence
consistent
ecological
niche
sharing,
only
few
possibly
being
managed.
The
proportion
ancestry
remains
constant
from
about
4000
years
ago,
probably
due
herd
management
selection
against
generation
hybrids,
coinciding
other
transitions.
level
(~20%)
continues
into
modern
Western
European
breeds
including
selected
aggressiveness
fighting
ability.
study
illuminates
genomic
impact
human
actions
introgression
establishment
one
most
species
today.
Molecular Biology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
40(12)
Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023
Present-day
African
cattle
retain
a
unique
genetic
profile
composed
of
mixture
the
Bos
taurus
and
indicus
populations
introduced
into
continent
at
different
time
periods.
However,
details
admixture
history
exact
origins
source
remain
obscure.
Here,
we
infer
in
earliest
domestic
Africa,
taurine.
We
detect
significant
contribution
(up
to
∼20%)
from
basal
taurine
lineage,
which
might
represent
now-extinct
aurochs.
In
addition,
show
that
indicine
ancestry
cattle,
although
most
closely
related
so-far
sampled
North
Indian
breeds,
has
small
amount
additional
affinity
Southeast
Asian
breeds.
Our
findings
support
hypothesis
aurochs
introgression
generate
novel
origin
Africa
be
than
ones
found
India
today.
Animals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(4), С. 645 - 645
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024
Although
Europe
was
not
a
primary
centre
of
cattle
domestication,
its
expansion
from
the
Middle
East
and
subsequent
development
created
complex
pattern
breed
diversity.
Many
isolated
populations
local
historical
breeds
still
carry
message
about
physical
genetic
traits
ancient
populations.
Since
way
life
human
communities
starting
eleventh
millennium
BP
strongly
determined
by
livestock
husbandry,
knowledge
diversity
through
ages
is
helpful
in
interpretation
many
archaeological
findings.
Historical
currently
at
intersection
two
leading
directions
research.
Firstly,
it
archaeogenetics
attempting
to
recover
interpret
preserved
information
directly
finds.
The
advanced
archaeogenetic
approaches
meet
with
population
genomics
extant
immense
amount
collected
living
cattle,
due
key
economic
role,
allows
for
reconstructing
profiles
backwards.
present
paper
aims
place
selected
archaeogenetic,
genetic,
genomic
findings
picture
history
Central
Europe,
as
suggested
archaeozoological
records.
Perspectives
methodical
connection
between
traditional
archaeozoology,
such
osteomorphology
osteometry,
are
discussed.
importance,
actuality,
effectiveness
combining
different
each
find,
morphological
characterization,
context,
molecular
data,
stressed.
Cattle
(
Bos
taurus
)
play
an
important
role
in
the
life
of
humans
Iberian
Peninsula
not
just
as
a
food
source
but
also
cultural
events.
When
domestic
cattle
were
first
introduced
to
Iberia,
wild
aurochs
primigenius
still
present,
leaving
ample
opportunity
for
mating
(whether
intended
by
farmers
or
not).
Using
temporal
bioarchaeological
dataset
covering
eight
millennia,
we
trace
gene
flow
between
two
groups.
Our
results
show
frequent
hybridisation
during
Neolithic
and
Chalcolithic,
likely
reflecting
mix
hunting
herding
relatively
unmanaged
herds,
with
mostly
male
female
involved.
This
is
supported
isotopic
evidence
consistent
ecological
niche
sharing,
only
few
possibly
being
managed.
The
proportion
ancestry
remains
constant
from
about
4000
years
ago,
probably
due
herd
management
selection
against
generation
hybrids,
coinciding
other
transitions.
level
(~20%)
continues
into
modern
Western
European
breeds
including
selected
aggressiveness
fighting
ability.
study
illuminates
genomic
impact
human
actions
introgression
establishment
one
most
species
today.
