Physiological and immunological barriers in the lung

Seminars in Immunopathology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(4-6), С. 533 - 547

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract The lungs serve as the primary organ for respiration, facilitating vital exchange of gases with bloodstream. Given their perpetual exposure to external particulates and pathogens, they possess intricate protective barriers. Cellular adhesion in is robustly maintained through tight junctions, adherens desmosomes. Furthermore, pulmonary system features a mucociliary clearance mechanism that synthesizes mucus transports it outside. This enriched chemical barriers like antimicrobial proteins immunoglobulin A (IgA). Additionally, complex immunological network comprising epithelial cells, neural immune cells plays pivotal role defense. comprehensive understanding these systems offers valuable insights into potential pathologies therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Analytical challenges in omics research on asthma and allergy: A National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153(4), С. 954 - 968

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Update on asthma biology

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153(5), С. 1215 - 1228

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the Relationship between Respiratory Viruses and Asthma

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(17), С. 5501 - 5501

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

Several studies have reported that viral infection is closely associated with the onset, progression, and exacerbation of asthma. The purpose this review to summarize role infections in pathogenesis asthma onset exacerbations, as well discuss interrelated protective risk factors current treatment options. Furthermore, we present knowledge innate immunological pathways driving host defense, including changes epithelial barrier. In addition, highlight importance genetics epigenetics virus susceptibility. Moreover, involvement etiology from bronchiolitis childhood wheezing described. characterization mechanisms action respiratory viruses most frequently related are mentioned.

Язык: Английский

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Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 113 - 113

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that coordination of innate adaptive immune responses in tract plays a crucial role protection against invading pathogens. Therefore, better understanding mucosal immunity airways critical for development novel therapeutics next-generation vaccines severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) other Since disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge expanded. In this review, we describe latest regarding key components system tract. addition, summarize host upper lower following SARS-CoV-2 infection vaccination, discuss impact allergic airway inflammation on SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of canola carrying a single vs stacked resistance genes against clubroot

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

Pyramiding resistance genes may expand the efficacy and scope of a canola variety against clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), serious threat to production in western Canada. However, mechanism(s) multigenic resistance, especially potential interaction among (CR) genes, are not well understood. In this study, transcriptome was compared over three (Brassica napus L.) inbred/hybrid lines carrying single CR gene chromosome A03 (CRaM, Line 16) or A08 (Crr1rutb, 20), both (CRaM+Crr1rutb, 15) inoculated with field population (L-G2) P. brassicae pathotype X, new variant found Canada recently. The line16 susceptible, while 15 20 were partially resistant. Functional annotation identified differential expression (DEGs) involved biosynthetic processes responsive stress regulation cellular process; Venn diagram showed that resistant shared 1,896 differentially expressed relative susceptible line 16, many these DEGs defense responses, activation innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis programmed cell death. transcription Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Effector-Triggered Immunity (PTI ETI) particularly up-regulated, level higher (CRaM + Crr1rutb) than (Crr1rutb only) for most DEGs. These results indicated partial X likely conferred by Crr1rutb functioned via PTI ETI signaling pathways. Additionally, two might have synergistic effects based on levels defense-related 15, highlighting benefit stacking improved as opposed alone.

Язык: Английский

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Unravelling the complex and unexpected physiopathology of the post COVID-19 condition: a narrative review

Discover Viruses., Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A review of recent advances in gene therapy, pharmacogenomics, and genetic polymorphisms in asthma

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 52(1)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Influenza breakthrough infection in vaccinated mice is characterized by non-pathological lung eosinophilia

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Eosinophils are important mediators of mucosal tissue homeostasis, anti-helminth responses, and allergy. Lung eosinophilia has previously been linked to aberrant Type 2-skewed T cell responses respiratory viral infection may also be a consequence vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAERD), particularly in the case syncytial virus (RSV) formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. We reported dose-dependent recruitment eosinophils lungs mice vaccinated with alum-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) following sublethal, vaccine-matched H1N1 (A/New Caledonia/20/1999; NC99) challenge. Given differential role eosinophil subset on immune function, we conducted investigations herein phenotype lung observed our model breakthrough infection. Here, demonstrate that influx into is adjuvant- sex-independent, only present after sublethal challenge but not mock-challenged mice. Furthermore, challenged had compositional shift towards more inflammatory (iEos) compared resident (rEos), resembling ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized allergic control mice, however without any evidence morbidity or inflammation cytokine/chemokine signatures. saw context vaccine-mismatched Additional layers heterogeneity compartment were via unsupervised clustering analysis flow cytometry data. Our collective findings starting point for in-depth phenotypic functional characterization subsets vaccine- infection-induced immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Tollip deficiency exaggerates airway type 2 inflammation in mice exposed to allergen and influenza A virus: role of the ATP/IL-33 signaling axis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a negative regulator of the pro-inflammatory response to viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Genetic variation Tollip has been associated with reduced airway epithelial expression and poor lung function in patients asthma. Whether deficiency exaggerates type 2 inflammation (e.g., eosinophils) viral infection asthma remains unclear. We sought address this critical, but unanswered question by using deficient mouse model IAV infection. Further, we determined underlying mechanisms focusing on role ATP/IL-33 signaling axis. Wild-type KO mice were intranasally exposed house dust mite (HDM) or without inhibitors for IL-33 (i.e., soluble ST2, an decoy receptor) ATP antagonist receptor P2Y13). amplified (eosinophils, IL-5, IL-13 mucins), release IL-33. Blocking P2Y13 decreased during HDM-challenged mice. Furthermore, ST2 attenuated eosinophilic treated HDM IAV. challenges load wild-type mice, protective effects load. Our data suggests that infection, delayed clearance, part promoting subsequent release. findings may provide several therapeutic targets, inhibition attenuating excessive human subjects

Язык: Английский

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