Engram neurons: Encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and forgetting of memory

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(8), С. 3207 - 3219

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023

Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates memory - so-called "engram". Here, we integrate recent progress engram field to illustrate how neurons transform across "lifespan" a from initial encoding, consolidation and retrieval, ultimately forgetting. To do so, first describe cell-intrinsic properties shape emergence at encoding. Second, highlight these encoding preferentially participate synaptic- systems-level memory. Third, changes during guide neural reactivation facilitate recall. Fourth, mechanisms forgetting, can counteract established consolidation, retrieval. Motivated by experimental results four sections, conclude proposing some conceptual extensions traditional view engram, including broadening cell-type participation within engrams stages. In collection, review synthesizes general principles stages, describes future avenues further understand dynamic engram.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of Stress and Emotions in the Learning Process: The Example of COVID-19 on University Students: A Narrative Review

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(12), С. 1787 - 1787

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2023

Emotional instability and stress are the main disturbances that condition learning process, affecting both teachers students. The objective of this review is to analyze influence emotions (as part stress) on environment. Stress a physiological mechanism organism develops adapt survive external internal challenges. In context, tends be seen as negative in process when it chronic. Extreme situations, such COVID-19 pandemic, can generate anxiety frustration However, other studies indicate controlled positively enhance process. On hand, quality intensity resulting from well Positive healthy promote optimal learning. Emotions lead sentimental, cognitive, behavioral, changes, which will have strong intellectual performance. activation coping strategies constitutes key for dealing with problems challenges, generating positive essential self-regulation conclusion, correct management stressful situations could effective through enhanced attention capacity solve problems.

Язык: Английский

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Engram cell connectivity as a mechanism for information encoding and memory function

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(24), С. 5368 - 5380.e5

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mystery of the memory engram: History, current knowledge, and unanswered questions

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 159, С. 105574 - 105574

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

The quest to understand the memory engram has intrigued humans for centuries. Recent technological advances, including genetic labelling, imaging, optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques, have propelled field of research forward. These tools enabled researchers create erase components. While these innovative techniques yielded invaluable insights, they often focus on specific elements trace. Genetic labelling may rely a particular immediate early gene as marker activity, optogenetics activate or inhibit one type neuron, imaging capture activity snapshots in given brain region at times. Yet, memories are multifaceted, involving diverse arrays neuronal subpopulations, circuits, regions that work concert create, store, retrieve information. Consideration contributions both excitatory inhibitory neurons, micro macro circuits across regions, dynamic nature active ensembles, representational drift is crucial comprehensive understanding complex memory.

Язык: Английский

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The Calmodulin-interacting peptide Pcp4a regulates feeding state-dependent behavioral choice in zebrafish

Neuron, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(7), С. 1150 - 1164.e6

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Animals constantly need to judge the valence of an object in their environment: is it potential food or a threat? The brain makes fundamental decisions on appropriate behavioral strategy by integrating external information from sensory organs and internal signals related physiological needs. For example, hungry animal may take more risks than satiated one when deciding approach avoid object. Using proteomic profiling approach, we identified Calmodulin-interacting peptide Pcp4a as key regulator foraging-related decisions. Food intake reduced abundance protein mRNA pcp4a via dopamine D2-like receptor-mediated repression adenylate cyclase. Accordingly, deleting gene made zebrafish larvae risk averse binary decision assay. Strikingly, neurons tectum became less responsive prey-like visual stimuli mutants, thus biasing behavior toward avoidance. This study pinpoints molecular mechanism modulating choice according state.

Язык: Английский

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Structural brain preservation: a potential bridge to future medical technologies

Frontiers in Medical Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2024

When faced with the prospect of death, some people would prefer a form long-term preservation that may allow them to be restored healthy life in future, if technology ever develops point this is feasible and humane. Some believe we have capacity perform type experimental today-although it has never been proven-using contemporary methods preserve structure brain. The idea morphomolecular organization brain encodes information required for psychological properties such as personality memories. If these structures can maintained intact over time, could theoretically provide bridge access restorative technologies future. To consider hypothesis, first describe possible metrics used assess structural quality. We next explore several brain, including traditional cryonics method cryopreservation, well aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation fluid preservation. focus in-depth on preservation, which relies aldehyde fixation induce chemical gel formation wide set biomolecules appears cost-effective method. two theoretical recovery technologies, alongside ethical legal complexities all will require prudent approach. non-negligible chance allowing successful restoration future deserves serious research efforts by scientific community.

Язык: Английский

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MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Growing evidence for memory effects mediating treatment efficacy

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128, С. 110843 - 110843

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023

The application of MDMA in conjunction with psychotherapy has recent years seen a resurgence clinical, scientific, and public interest the treatment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical trials have shown promising safety efficacy, but mechanisms underlying this form remain largely unestablished. This article explores preclinical clinical evidence suggesting that treatment's efficacy may be influenced by mnemonic effects MDMA. We review data on fear extinction reconsolidation utility these processes for PTSD treatment. corroborate our findings incorporating research from cognitive psychology psychopharmacology offer recommendations future research.

Язык: Английский

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Synapse-specific structural plasticity that protects and refines local circuits during LTP and LTD

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1906)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Synapses form trillions of connections in the brain. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are cellular mechanisms vital for learning that modify strength structure synapses. Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy reveals three distinct pre- to post-synaptic arrangements: strong active zones (AZs) with tightly docked vesicles, weak AZs loose or non-docked nascent (NZs) a postsynaptic density but no presynaptic vesicles. Importantly, LTP can be temporarily saturated preventing further increases synaptic strength. At onset LTP, vesicles recruited NZs, converting them AZs. During recovery saturation (1–4 h), new NZs form, especially on spines where most enlarged by LTP. Sentinel contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), have largest synapses clusters smaller lacking SER after recovers. We propose model whereby NZ plasticity provides synapse-specific AZ expansion during loss drive synapse shrinkage LTD. Spine become functionally engaged disassembled Saturation LTD probably acts protect recently formed memories ongoing may account advantage spaced over massed learning. This article is part discussion meeting issue ‘Long-term potentiation: 50 years on’.

Язык: Английский

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From animal models to human individuality: Integrative approaches to the study of brain plasticity

Neuron, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(21), С. 3522 - 3541

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Effects of sesamin on Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and LTP impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Metabolic Brain Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(5), С. 1503 - 1511

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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