International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(8), С. 3915 - 3915
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025
Neurological
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
disorders
and
stroke,
represent
significant
medical
challenges
due
to
their
complexity
the
limitations
of
current
treatment
approaches.
This
review
explores
potential
stem
cell
(SC)-derived
exosomes
(Exos)
as
a
transformative
therapeutic
strategy
for
these
diseases.
Exos,
especially
those
derived
from
SCs,
exhibit
natural
targeting
ability,
biocompatibility,
capacity
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
making
them
ideal
vehicles
drug
delivery.
provides
an
in-depth
discussion
properties
advantages
SC-Exos.
It
highlights
synergistic
benefits
in
approaches
treat
neurological
article
discusses
mechanisms
action
SC-Exos,
highlighting
ability
target
specific
cells,
modulate
disease
pathways,
provide
controlled
release
agents.
Applications
have
been
investigated,
demonstrating
improve
outcomes
conditions
such
Alzheimer's
Disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
stroke.
Moreover,
Exos-coated
nanoparticles
(NPs)
combine
Exos
with
multifunctionality
NPs.
integration
takes
advantage
exosome
membrane
biocompatibility
capabilities
while
preserving
NPs'
beneficial
features,
loading
release.
As
result,
NPs
may
enhance
precision,
efficacy,
safety
interventions.
In
conclusion,
SC-Exos
promising
innovative
approach
treating
Naturally
occurring
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
and
synthetic
nanoparticles
like
liposomes
have
revolutionized
precision
diagnostics
medicine.
EVs
excel
in
biocompatibility
cell
targeting,
while
offer
enhanced
drug
loading
capacity
scalability.
The
clinical
translation
of
is
hindered
by
challenges
including
low
yield
heterogeneity,
whereas
face
rapid
immune
clearance
limited
targeting
efficiency.
To
bridge
these
gaps,
biomimetic
(SVs)
emerged
as
innovative
platforms,
combining
the
advantageous
properties
liposomes.
This
review
emphasizes
critical
aspects
EV
biology,
such
mechanisms
EV-cell
interaction
source-dependent
functionalities
modulation,
tissue
regeneration,
informing
SV
engineering.
We
reviewed
a
broad
array
SVs,
with
focus
on
lipid
bilayered
functionalized
proteins.
These
include
cell-derived
nanovesicles,
protein-functionalized
liposomes,
hybrid
vesicles.
By
addressing
current
highlighting
opportunities,
this
aims
to
advance
SVs
for
transformative
biomedical
applications.
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18(26), С. 16359 - 16394
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
remains
the
epitome
of
aggressiveness
and
lethality
in
spectrum
brain
tumors,
primarily
due
to
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
that
hinders
effective
treatment
delivery,
tumor
heterogeneity,
presence
treatment-resistant
stem
cells
contribute
recurrence.
Nanoparticles
(NPs)
have
been
used
overcome
these
obstacles
by
attaching
targeting
ligands
enhance
therapeutic
efficacy.
Among
ligands,
peptides
stand
out
their
ease
synthesis
high
selectivity.
This
article
aims
review
single
multiligand
strategies
critically.
In
addition,
it
highlights
other
integrate
effects
external
stimuli,
biomimetic
approaches,
chemical
approaches
as
nanocatalytic
medicine,
revealing
significant
potential
treating
GBM
with
peptide-functionalized
NPs.
Alternative
routes
parenteral
administration,
specifically
nose-to-brain
delivery
local
within
resected
cavity,
are
also
discussed.
Finally,
an
overview
them
discussed
provide
a
perspective
on
this
promising
field
therapy.
Bioactive Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
33, С. 444 - 459
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
leading
cause
of
blindness
worldwide
with
limited
treatment
options.
Mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(MSC-sEVs)
hold
promise
as
cell-free
therapy
for
retinal
diseases.
In
this
study,
we
present
evidence
that
the
intravitreal
injection
MSC-sEVs
improved
function
and
alleviated
apoptosis,
inflammation,
angiogenesis
in
both
db/db
mice
streptozotocin-induced
diabetic
rats.
Mechanistically,
hyperglycemia-induced
activation
hypoxia-inducible
factor-1α
(HIF-1α)
inhibited
tripartite
motif
21
(TRIM21)-mediated
ubiquitination
degradation
enhancer
zeste
homologue
2
(EZH2),
ultimately
resulting
downregulation
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor-γ
coactivator-1α
(PGC-1α)
through
EZH2-induced
methylation
modification.
The
presence
miR-5068
miR-10228
targeted
HIF-1α/EZH2/PGC-1α
pathway.
blockade
abolished
therapeutic
effects
MSC-sEVs.
Additionally,
engineered
elevated
levels
to
enhance
repair
efficiency.
Together,
our
findings
provide
novel
insights
into
mechanism
underlying
DR
progress
highlight
potential
MSC-sEVs,
especially
option
DR.
Parkinson's
disease
(PD),
the
second
most
common
neurological
ailment
in
world
after
Alzheimer's
(AD),
affects
about
1%
of
those
over
65
years.
Exosomes
were
first
thought
to
be
useless
cell
debris.
It
has
been
discovered
that
exosomes
contain
a
variety
non-coding
RNAs,
including
microRNAs,
lncRNAs,
and
circRNAs,
as
well
other
bioactive
compounds.
A
few
these
compounds
are
functional
messenger
RNAs
(mRNAs),
certain
proteins,
lipids,
chemicals.
Our
understanding
exosome
function
body
improved
result
this
information.
physiological
activities
show
important
include
migration,
angiogenesis,
intercellular
communication,
anti-tumor
immunity.
can
help
nervous
system's
cells
communicate
with
one
another,
get
rid
waste,
keep
myelin
coating
place.
Similar
this,
it
is
possible
development
central
system
illnesses
like
influenced
by
brain
exosomes.
The
several
neurodegenerative
disorders
(NDD),
mostly
attributed
extracellular
vehicles
(EVs)
known
(EXOs).
As
result,
have
attracted
attention
EVs
pathophysiological
roles.
Because
their
shown
ability
transport
both
pathogenic
therapeutic
cargo,
researchers
altered
EXOs
for
use
drug
delivery.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
203, С. 114460 - 114460
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
stands
for
the
most
common
and
aggressive
type
of
brain
tumour
in
adults.
It
is
highly
invasive,
which
explains
its
short
rate
survival.
Little
known
about
risk
factors,
current
therapy
still
ineffective.
Hence,
efforts
are
underway
to
develop
novel
effective
treatment
approaches
against
this
cancer.
Exosomes
being
explored
as
a
promising
strategy
conveying
delivering
therapeutic
cargo
GBM
cells.
They
can
fuse
with
cell
membrane
and,
consequently,
serve
delivery
systems
context.
Due
their
nanoscale
size,
exosomes
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
constitutes
significant
hurdle
chemotherapeutic
drugs
used
GBM.
subsequently
inhibit
oncogenes,
activate
suppressor
genes,
induce
immune
responses,
control
growth.
However,
despite
representing
tool
GBM,
further
research
clinical
studies
regarding
exosome
biology,
engineering,
applications
need
be
completed.
Here,
we
sought
review
application
through
an
in-depth
analysis
scientific
on
entire
process,
from
isolation
purification
design
transformation
into
anti-oncogenic
drug
systems.
Surface
modification
enhance
BBB
penetration
GBM-cell
targeting
also
topic
discussion.
