T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2

Annual Review of Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 41(1), С. 343 - 373

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses roles T cells SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 CD8 cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early have been associated mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody are key to prevent infection, may also play valuable reducing disease severity controlling infection. memory after is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing impacted by variants, most preserved. This review highlights extensive progress made, data knowledge gaps remain, our understanding vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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Durability of Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 367 - 387

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2 have proven to be highly effective in preventing symptomatic infection. Similarly, prior infection with has been shown provide substantial protection reinfection. However, it become apparent that the provided an individual after either vaccination or wanes over time. Waning is driven by both waning immunity time since initial infection, and evolution of new variants SARS-CoV-2. Both antibody T/B-cells levels investigated as potential correlates post-vaccination post-infection. The activity antibodies some insight into underlying causes protection. This review seeks summarise what currently known about and/or well current information on respective T/B-cell responses.

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiological and clinical perspectives of long COVID syndrome

American Journal of Medicine Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9, С. 100033 - 100033

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

Long COVID, or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, is characterized by multi-organ symptoms lasting 2+ months after initial virus infection. This review presents the current state of evidence for long COVID including global public health context, incidence, prevalence, cardiopulmonary sequelae, physical and mental symptoms, recovery time, prognosis, risk factors, rehospitalization rates, impact vaccination on outcomes. Results are presented clinically relevant subgroups. Overall, 10-35% survivors develop with common fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, memory loss, difficulty concentrating. Delineating these issues will be crucial to inform appropriate post-pandemic policy protect survivors, potentially vulnerable underrepresented groups. Directed policymakers, practitioners, general public, we provide recommendations suggest avenues future research larger goal reducing harms associated syndrome.

Язык: Английский

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Variations within the Glycan Shield of SARS-CoV-2 Impact Viral Spike Dynamics

Journal of Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 435(4), С. 167928 - 167928

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants alters the efficacy existing immunity, whether arisen naturally or through vaccination. Understanding structure viral spike assists in determining impact mutations on antigenic surface. One class mutation impacts glycosylation attachment sites, which have capacity to influence beyond immediate site attachment. Here, we compare site-specific recombinant mimetics B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.1.529 (Omicron). strain exhibits two additional N-linked glycan sites compared other analyzed and investigate these glycans by molecular dynamics. acquired N188 is shown exhibit very limited maturation, consistent with enzyme accessibility. Structural modeling dynamics reveal that located within a cavity receptor binding domain, influences domains. These observations suggest mechanism whereby affecting structural across protein

Язык: Английский

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Interim safety and immunogenicity analysis of the EuCorVac‐19 COVID‐19 vaccine in a Phase 3 randomized, observer‐blind, immunobridging trial in the Philippines

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Abstract EuCorVac‐19 (ECV‐19) is a recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) COVID‐19 vaccine that displays the RBD (derived from SARS‐CoV‐2 Wuhan strain) on immunogenic liposomes. This study compares safety and immunogenicity of ECV‐19 to COVISHIELD TM (CS) adenoviral‐vectored vaccine. Interim analysis presented randomized, observer‐blind, immunobridging Phase 3 trial in Philippines 2600 subjects, with treatment biospecimen collection between October 2022 January 2023. Healthy male female adults who received investigational vaccines were 18 years older, randomly assigned ( n = 2004) or CS 596) groups. Immunization followed two‐injection, intramuscular regimen 4 weeks prime boost vaccination. Safety endpoints assessed all participants was carried out subset 585 290 groups). The primary immunological superiority neutralizing antibody response, as well noninferiority seroresponse rate (defined 4‐fold increase titers baseline). After vaccination, had lower incidence local solicited adverse events (AEs) (12.0% vs. 15.8%, p < 0.01), systemic AEs (13.1 17.4%, 0.01) relative CS. second injection, both overall (7.8% 7.6%). For assessment, 98% prior exposure (based presence anti‐nucleocapsid antibodies) at time initial immunization, without differing baseline levels microneutralization (MN) against strain two induced higher anti‐RBD IgG (1,464 355 BAU/mL, 0.001) response (1,303 494 MN titer, 0.001). maintained those (1367 344 antibodies (1128 469 also elicited better neutralized Omicron variant, compared (763 373 Women displayed responses than men. group greater (83% 30%, In summary, favorable profiles, showing diminished AE after immunization. significantly terms IgG, antibodies, rate. These data establish relatively profile for ECV‐19. registered ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05572879).

Язык: Английский

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Differences in Humoral and Cellular Vaccine Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

The antibody and T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have not been formally compared between kidney liver transplant recipients. Using a multiplex assay, we measured IgG levels against 4 epitopes of spike protein nucleocapsid (NC) antigen, variants, common coronaviruses in serial blood samples from 52 50 recipients undergoing mRNA vaccination. We quantified IFN-γ/IL-2 cells reactive by FluoroSpot. used multivariable generalized linear models to adjust for the differences immunosuppression groups. In recipients, every epitope increased significantly more than (MFI: 19,617 vs 6,056; P&lt;0.001), difference that remained significant adjustments. Vaccine did affect NC nor coronaviruses. Elicited antibodies recognized all variants tested but at lower strength original Wuhan strain. Anti-spike IFN-γ-producing (IFN-γ-producing 28 11 spots/5x10 5 cells), this lost statistical significance vaccine elicits stronger response phenomenon is entirely explained different immunosuppression.

Язык: Английский

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Complete (Humoral and Cellular) Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in a Group of Healthcare Workers-Assessment of Factors Affecting Immunogenicity

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(5), С. 710 - 710

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022

Vaccination is the best way to limit extent of COVID pandemic. Knowledge duration immune response will allow planning a vaccination protocol. This study aims validate complete (humoral and cellular) responses over time in large population groups following full healthcare professionals real-life conditions assess relationship between antibody levels T-cell activity relation characteristics group. The samples for were obtained from volunteers (staff two hospitals) on three occasions: before vaccination, T0, then 4-9 weeks after (two doses BNT162b2), T1, 7-9 months T2. humoral was investigated by titre anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies S1 protein. Assays performed times at intervals. cellular assessed subgroup 189 subjects QuanT-Cell SARS-CoV-2 (IGRA). assay once. A group 344 fully vaccinated with BNT162b2 vaccine included study. observed 100% both 4-7 months, but titres fell almost 90% this interval. 94% (177/189) second dose vaccine. In negative response, eight out 12 smoked. factor associated greater immunogenicity past infection. administration doses) induces detectable even more than six vaccination. Smoking may be impaired

Язык: Английский

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Immunogenicity evaluation after BNT162b2 booster vaccination in healthcare workers

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2022

Waning of the immune response upon vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 infection is an important subject evaluation this pandemic, mostly healthcare workers (HCW) that are constantly contact with infected samples and patients. Therefore, our study aimed to establish specific humoral IgG IgA antibodies vaccination, during second year pandemic evaluating booster shot same vaccine type. A group 103 HCW documented exposure virus were monitored for levels prior after first round, following 8 months After post-vaccination both decreased, 2.4 times IgG, 2.7 IgA. Although significantly no was registered group. shot, entire group, displayed increased levels, immediately followed by increase post-second round statistically higher compared while restored at levels. Within or routine a multiple waves' generating new variants, populational immunity remains issue future implementation prevention/control measures.

Язык: Английский

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Enriched CXCR3+ CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infected and vaccinated individuals effectively respond to the antigen in recall

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 86(5), С. 497 - 499

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Humoral and cellular responses to vaccination with homologous CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 and heterologous third dose with BNT162b2

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 84(6), С. 834 - 872

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2022

Язык: Английский

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