Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(5)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2022

Abstract The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original that emerged late 2019. Soon after discovery, rapidly to become worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. is of major public health concern owing high infectivity antibody evasion. This review article examines theories have been proposed on evolution including zoonotic spillage, infection immunocompromised individuals cryptic spread community without being diagnosed. Added complexity Omicron's are multiple reports recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants with Delta other such as XE. Current literature suggests combination novel resulted having higher than Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. However, severity believed be less reduced syncytia formation lower multiplication human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging studies indicate efficacy available vaccines against (8–127 times reduction) compared administration booster vaccine, however, compensates reduction improves by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, those approved FDA for therapeutic use previous variants, mostly ineffective exception Sotrovimab recent suggest BA.2 also resistant Sotrovimab. Currently two new BA.4 BA.5 emerging reported more transmissible immunity generated antibodies. As will likely continue emerge it important evolution, biological consequences mutations, existing well understood.

Язык: Английский

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Recombination in Coronaviruses, with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2

Viruses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(6), С. 1239 - 1239

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2022

Recombination is a common evolutionary tool for RNA viruses, and coronaviruses are no exception. We review here the evidence recombination in SARS-CoV-2 reconcile nomenclature recombinants, discuss their origin fitness, speculate how recombinants could make difference future of COVID-19 pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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The Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know So Far

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(11), С. 1926 - 1926

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

The world has not yet completely overcome the fear of havoc brought by SARS-CoV-2. virus undergone several mutations since its initial appearance in China December 2019. Several variations (i.e., B.1.616.1 (Kappa variant), B.1.617.2 (Delta B.1.617.3, and BA.2.75 (Omicron variant)) have emerged throughout pandemic, altering virus's capacity to spread, risk profile, even symptoms. Humanity faces a serious threat as long keeps adapting changing fundamental function evade immune system. Delta variant two escape alterations, E484Q L452R, well other mutations; most notable these is P681R, which expected boost infectivity, whereas Omicron about 60 with certain deletions insertions. 40-60% more contagious comparison Alpha variant. Additionally, AY.1 lineage, also known "Delta plus" variant, surfaced result mutation was one causes life-threatening second wave coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, recent variants represent reminder that COVID-19 epidemic far from ending. sparked fervor investigation on why initially appeared propagate so much rapidly than three concerns (VOCs), whether it threatening those ways, how type mutations, induce minor changes proteins, can wreck trouble. This review sheds light pathogenicity, treatments, impact vaccine efficacy

Язык: Английский

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Why, how, and what's next?

Cell Insight, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1(3), С. 100029 - 100029

Опубликована: Май 2, 2022

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a striking threat to human society. More than 30 mutations in Spike protein severely compromised protective immunity elicited by either vaccination or prior infection. persistent viral evolutionary trajectory generates Omicron-associated lineages, such as BA.1 and BA.2. Moreover, virus recombination upon Delta co-infections has been reported lately, although impact remains be assessed. This minireview summarizes characteristics, evolution mutation control, immune evasion mechanisms variants, which will helpful for in-depth understanding variants policy-making related COVID-19 pandemic control.

Язык: Английский

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The recombinant variants of SARS‐CoV‐2: Concerns continues amid COVID‐19 pandemic

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(8), С. 3506 - 3508

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Detection and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections during the Omicron variant circulation in France

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2022

Abstract From December 2021-February 2022, an intense and unprecedented co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants with high genetic diversity raised the question possible co-infections between how to detect them. Using 11 mixes Delta:Omicron isolates at different ratios, we evaluated performance 4 sets primers used for whole-genome sequencing developed unbiased bioinformatics method detection involving genetically distinct lineages. Applied on 21,387 samples collected 6, 2021 February 27, 2022 from random genomic surveillance in France, detected 53 The prevalence Delta Omicron (BA.1) lineages BA.1 BA.2 were estimated 0.18% 0.26%, respectively. Among 6,242 hospitalized patients, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates 1.64%, 4.81% 15.38% Omicron, Delta/Omicron No BA.1/BA.2 reported among ICU admitted patients. co-infected a total 21 patients (39.6%) not vaccinated. Although rare this study, their proper is crucial evaluate clinical impact risk emergence potential recombinants.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence of co-infections during Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants co-circulation through prospective screening and sequencing

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(11), С. 1503.e5 - 1503.e8

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2022

To describe Delta/Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants co-infection detection and confirmation during the fifth wave of COVID-19 pandemics in France 7 immunocompetent epidemiologically unrelated patients.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Genes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2), С. 407 - 407

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) produced diverse molecular variants during its recent expansion in humans that caused different transmissibility and severity of the associated disease as well resistance to monoclonal antibodies polyclonal sera, among other treatments. In order understand causes consequences observed SARS-CoV-2 diversity, a variety studies investigated evolution this virus humans. general, evolves with moderate rate evolution, 10

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 recombinants and emerging Omicron sublineages

International Journal of Medical Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1), С. 151 - 162

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is currently the predominant circulating variant in COVID-19 pandemic. dominating sublineages respond to host immune pressure and develop advantageous mutations or genetic recombination, which result variants that are more contagious better at escaping responses response previous infection vaccination. Meanwhile, multiple recombination events have been reported coinfection cases, majority of resulted from between co-circulating BA.1 (or BA.1.1) Delta BA.2. Here, we review knowledge characterization for population level, provide an update on occurrence newly sublineages, discuss effectiveness novel vaccines/therapeutic drugs against variant.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic detection of co-infection and intra-host recombination in more than 2 million global SARS-CoV-2 samples

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Systematic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections between different lineages and assessing the risk intra-host recombinant emergence are crucial for forecasting viral evolution. Here we present a comprehensive analysis more than 2 million raw read datasets submitted to European COVID-19 Data Portal identify recombination. Co-infection was observed in 0.35% investigated cases. Two independent procedures were implemented detect We show that sensitivity is predominantly determined by density lineage-defining mutations along genome, thus used an expanded list mutually exclusive defining specific variant combinations increase statistical power. call attention multiple challenges rendering detection difficult provide guidelines reduction false positives arising from chimeric sequences produced during PCR amplification. Additionally, three recombination hotspots Delta – Omicron BA.1 recombinants.

Язык: Английский

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