Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 2019, С. 1 - 26

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2019

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality life, proven by the latest data Global Burden Disease Study, only gaining in prevalence worldwide. Clinical trials have identified chronic inflammatory disorders as cardiovascular risks, recent research has revealed contribution various cells to vascular oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis are closely associated with inflammation, probably due close interaction inflammation Classical therapies for demonstrated protective effects models disease; especially established drugs pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties beneficial effects; normalization stress seems be common feature these therapies. The link between redox balance was also supported reports on aggravated phenotype absence antioxidant defense proteins (e.g., superoxide dismutases, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione peroxidases) or overexpression reactive oxygen species producing enzymes NADPH oxidases). value immunomodulation treatment recently large-scale clinical demonstrating mortality patients atherosclerotic when treated highly specific anti-inflammatory using monoclonal antibodies against cytokines). Modern antidiabetic SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 GLP-1 analogs) seem share display potent effects, all which may explain their successful lowering risk.

Язык: Английский

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Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Systematic Review

Psychosomatic Medicine, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 80(2), С. 141 - 153

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018

ABSTRACT Objective Mitochondria are multifunctional life-sustaining organelles that represent a potential intersection point between psychosocial experiences and biological stress responses. This article provides systematic review of the effects psychological on mitochondrial structure function. Methods A literature investigating function was conducted. The focused experimentally controlled studies allowing us to draw causal inference about effect induced mitochondria. Results total 23 met inclusion criteria. All involved male laboratory animals, most demonstrated acute chronic stressors influenced specific facets function, particularly within brain. Nineteen showed significant adverse mitochondria four found increases in or size after stress. In humans, only six observational were available, none with experimental designs, measured markers do not directly reflect such as DNA copy number. Conclusons Overall, evidence supports notion influence various aspects biology, exposure can lead molecular functional recalibrations among Limitations current animal human discussed. Maladaptive changes characterize this subcellular state termed allostatic load. Prospective sensitive measures outcomes will be needed establish link stressors, emotional states, resulting neuroendocrine immune processes, energetics relevant mind-body research humans.

Язык: Английский

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Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Conceptual Framework

Psychosomatic Medicine, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 80(2), С. 126 - 140

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018

ABSTRACT Background The integration of biological, psychological, and social factors in medicine has benefited from increasingly precise stress response biomarkers. Mitochondria, a subcellular organelle with its own genome, produce the energy required for life generate signals that enable adaptation. An emerging concept proposes mitochondria sense, integrate, transduce psychosocial behavioral into cellular molecular modifications. Mitochondrial signaling might turn contribute to biological embedding psychological states. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted evaluate evidence supporting this model implicating response, implementation psychosomatic medicine. Results Chronically, induces metabolic neuroendocrine mediators cause structural functional recalibrations mitochondria, which constitutes mitochondrial allostatic load. Clinically, primary defects affect brain, endocrine system, immune systems play role processes, suggesting shared underlying mechanistic basis. function dysfunction also systemic physiological regulation through release mitokines other metabolites. At level, influences gene expression epigenetic modifications, modulates rate aging. Conclusions This suggests load represents potential mechanism transducing experiences resulting emotional responses—both adverse positive—into clinically meaningful changes. associated article issue Psychosomatic Medicine presents systematic effects on mitochondria. Integrating biobehavioral research opens new possibilities investigate how influence human health well-being across life-span.

Язык: Английский

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Stress and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: A systematic review of human studies, physiological considerations, and technical recommendations

Mitochondrion, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59, С. 225 - 245

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2021

Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is a marker of inflammatory disease and predictor mortality, but little known about cf-mtDNA in relation to psychobiology. A systematic review the literature reveals that blood varies response common real-world stressors including psychopathology, acute psychological stress, exercise. Moreover, inducible within minutes exhibits high intra-individual day-to-day variation, highlighting dynamic regulation levels. We discuss current knowledge on mechanisms release, its forms transport ("cell-free" does not mean "membrane-free"), potential physiological functions, putative cellular neuroendocrine triggers, factors may contribute removal from circulation. vitro, pre-clinical, clinical studies shows conflicting results around dogma are pro-inflammatory, opening possibility other cell-to-cell transfer whole mitochondria. Finally, enhance reproducibility biological interpretation human research, we propose guidelines for collection, isolation, quantification, reporting standards, which can promote concerted advances by community. Defining mechanistic basis signaling an opportunity elucidate role mitochondria brain-body interactions psychopathology.

Язык: Английский

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The energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 146, С. 105951 - 105951

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2022

Chronic psychosocial stress increases disease risk and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we outline an energy-based model for transduction of chronic into over time. The energetic allostatic load (EMAL) emphasizes cost allostasis load, where "load" is additional burden required to support stress-induced energy needs. Living organisms have a limited capacity consume energy. Overconsumption by brain-body processes leads hypermetabolism, defined as excess expenditure above organism's optimum. In turn, hypermetabolism accelerates physiological decline in cells, laboratory animals, humans, may drive biological aging. Therefore, propose that transition from adaptive maladaptive states, overload arises when added competes with longevity-promoting growth, maintenance, repair. Mechanistically, restriction maintenance repair progressive wear-and-tear molecular organ systems. proposed makes testable predictions around physiological, cellular, sub-cellular transduce mortality. We also highlight new avenues quantify its link health across lifespan, via integration systemic cellular measurements together classic biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of early life adversity on the immune system

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 82, С. 140 - 154

Опубликована: Май 17, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Redox regulation of cardiovascular inflammation – Immunomodulatory function of mitochondrial and Nox-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 109, С. 48 - 60

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Association of child maltreatment subtypes and long-term physical health in a German representative sample

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Background: Child maltreatment is a major public problem, associated with enormous consequences on the individual and socioeconomic level. Studies show clear impact of child long-term physical health. However, there lack analyses comprising wide variety subtypes addressing cumulative effects different experienced during childhood Objective: The objective this analysis was to assess association intensity health outcomes. Methods: In cross-sectional observational approach, representative sample German population (N=2510) assessed regarding information, their current status, experiences using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Chi2-Tests were performed compare differences conditions in adulthood binary regression relationship number childhood. Results: Odds increased significantly for obesity (1.8), diabetes (1.26), cancer (1.28), hypertension (1.16), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.51), history myocardial infarction (1.29) stroke (1.31) increasingenhancing maltreatment. Growing each subtype higher rates all conditions, which could point towards dose-dependency between Conclusions: odds leading morbidity mortality causes Germany. Interventions encompassing secondary primary preventive strategies are critical target problem its devastating consequences.Antecedentes: El maltrato infantil es un problema público mayor, asociado enormes consecuencias nivel y socioeconómico. Los estudios muestran impacto claro del sobre la salud física largo plazo. Sin embargo, existe una carencia de análisis que comprendan amplia variedad subtipos aborden los efectos acumulativos diferentes experimentados durante infancia física. Objetivos: objetivo este fue evaluar asociación intensidad con en Métodos: En enfoque observacional transversal, se evaluó muestra representativa población germana cuanto información socioeconómica, su estado actual, sus experiencias usando el Cuestionario Infantil (CTQ por siglas Inglés). Se realizaron tests Chi2 para comparar diferencias condiciones adultez regresión binaria relación entre número experimentado infancia. Resultados: Las probabilidades (expresadas O.R.) aumentaron significativamente obesidad (1.18), cáncer hipertensión arterial enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica historia infarto al miocardio apoplejía mayor experimentados. La creciente cada subtipo asoció tasas mayores todas las evaluadas, lo puede apuntar dependencia dosis Conclusiones: asocia aumento causas principales morbilidad mortalidad Alemania. Intervenciones abarquen estrategias preventivas secundarias primarias son críticas impactar publica devastadoras.背景：儿童虐待是一个重大公共问题，给个人和社会经济带来严重后果。研究表明童年虐待对长期身体健康有明显影响。然而，还缺乏相关研究对多种虐待亚型进行分析，并关注儿童期所经历的不同虐待亚型对身体健康的累积效应。 目标：该分析的目的是评估童年虐待的不同亚型及其强度与长期身体健康状况的关联性。 方法：在横断观察研究中，搜集了一个德国人口的代表性样本（N = 2510）的社会经济信息，目前的健康状况，并使用儿童创伤问卷（CTQ）评估其童年虐待的经历。使用卡方检验比较不同成年期身体健康状况与儿童虐待的关系的差异；使用二元回归分析考察身体健康与儿童期不同虐待亚型数量之间的关系。 结果：肥胖（1.18），糖尿病（1.26），癌症（1.28），高血压（1.16），慢性阻塞性肺病（1.51），心肌梗死病史（1.29）和中风（1.31）的概率随着童年所经历虐待亚型数量的增加而显著增加。不论哪种虐待亚型，其强度增加与所有被评估的身体健康问题的比率升高相关，这可能说明虐待与长期身体健康之间关系具有‘程度相关性’（dose dependency）。 结论：儿童期虐待与德国几大首要致病和致死疾病的发生率增加有关。制定干预措施，设计次要和主要预防方案，对解决这一重大公共卫生问题和减轻其严重后果至关重要。.

Язык: Английский

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A Mitochondrial Health Index Sensitive to Mood and Caregiving Stress

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 84(1), С. 9 - 17

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

BioEssays, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 40(9)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2018

This manuscript reviews recent evidence supporting the utility of telomeres and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in detecting biological impacts adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) outlines mechanisms that may mediate connection between early stress poor physical mental health. Critical to interrupting health sequelae ACEs such as abuse, neglect, neighborhood disorder, is discovery biomarkers risk resilience. The molecular markers chronic exposure, telomere length mtDNAcn, represent critical links outcomes. We examine how mtDNAcn exacerbate disparities contribute intergenerational transmission trauma. Finally, we explore these exposure help define role resilience develop effective interventions moderate ACE impact.

Язык: Английский

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