Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6), С. 2099 - 2099

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among metabolic, peripheral immune, central nervous systems via microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it not well understood how microbiome neurons mutually interact or these interactions affect normal functioning cognition. We summarize mechanisms whereby regulate production, transportation, neurotransmitters. also discuss dysbiosis affects function, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites mediate the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Abstract Background Sleep loss is a serious global health concern. Consequences include memory deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Our previous research showed that melatonin can effectively improve cognitive impairment intestinal microbiota disturbances caused by sleep deprivation (SD). The present study further explored the mechanism which exogenous prevents SD-induced impairments. Here, we established fecal transplantation, Aeromonas colonization LPS or butyrate supplementation tests to evaluate role of its metabolites in alleviating impairment. Results Transplantation SD-gut into normal mice induced microglia overactivation neuronal apoptosis hippocampus, decline, colonic disorder, manifesting as increased levels decreased Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 butyrate. All these events were reversed with transplantation SD + melatonin-gut microbiota. Colonization addition produced an inflammatory response hippocampus spatial mice. These changes melatonin, accompanied LPS. Butyrate administration sleep-deprived restored responses In vitro, BV2 cells, was improved supplementation. This ameliorative effect blocked pretreatment MCT1 inhibitor HDAC3 agonist but mimicked TLR4 p-P65 antagonists. Conclusions Gut microbes their mediate effects on A feasible downregulates constituent upregulates colon. lessen through crosstalk between TLR4/NF-κB MCT1/ signaling pathways.

Язык: Английский

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The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 75, С. 101556 - 101556

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests exact mechanism behind this devastating to be multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates quest an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well impedes search strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next its clinical symptoms, latter being supported by a handful human intervention trials. Additionally, substantial amount trials highlight potential diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, pre- and probiotics modulating brain’s neurotransmitter system, starting from gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse slow down progression likewise, should initially tested with mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both gut brain. Thereafter, therapeutic effect confirmed rigorously randomized controlled humans, preferentially across continuum, but especially prodromal up mild stages, where high adherence therapies, room noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In end, might aid development comprehensive approach tackle complex disease, since derivatives microbiota-gut-brain axis serve possible biomarkers progression, forming valuable target drug development. narrative review, available concerning orchestrating role within summarized discussed, general considerations future highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics synergized with conventional regimen in managing Parkinson’s disease

npj Parkinson s Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly managed by pharmacological therapy (e.g., Benserazide and dopamine agonists). However, prolonged use of these drugs would gradually diminish their dopaminergic effect. Gut dysbiosis was observed in some patients with PD, suggesting close association between the gut microbiome PD. Probiotics modulate host's microbiota beneficially. A 3-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted to investigate beneficial effect probiotic co-administration Eighty-two PD were recruited randomly divided into [n = 48; Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probio-M8 (Probio-M8), Benserazide, agonists] placebo (n 34; placebo, agonists) groups. Finally, 45 29 from groups provided complete fecal serum samples for further omics analysis, respectively. The results showed that conferred added benefits improving sleep quality, alleviating anxiety, gastrointestinal symptoms. Metagenomic analysis that, after intervention, there significantly more species-level genome bins (SGBs) animalis, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospira, while less Lactobacillus fermentum Klebsiella oxytoca group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, correlated positively scores UPDRS-III, HAMA, HAMD-17, negatively MMSE. feces hardness. Moreover, co-administering increased SGBs involved tryptophan degradation, gamma-aminobutyric acid, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, as well acetic levels Taken together, synergized conventional regimen strengthened efficacy managing accompanied modifications microbiome, microbial metabolic potential, metabolites.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of ultra-processed foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis: The bread-and-butter issue

Food Research International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 167, С. 112730 - 112730

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity and human health: A scoping review and examples of underrepresented linkages

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 246, С. 118115 - 118115

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Mounting evidence supports the connections between exposure to environmental typologies––such as green spaces––and human health. However, mechanistic links that connect biodiversity (the variety of life) and health, extent supporting remain less clear. Here, we undertook a scoping review map health summarise levels associated using an established weight framework. Distinct from other reviews, provide additional context regarding environment-microbiome-health axis, evaluate buffering pathway (e.g., impacts on air pollution), examples three under- or minimally-represented linkages. The are (1) Indigenous Peoples' (2) urban social equity, (3) COVID-19. We observed moderate level support microbiota-human moderate-high broader nature pathways greenspace) various outcomes, stress reduction enhanced wellbeing improved cohesion. studies did not typically include specific metrics, indicating clear research gaps. Further is required understand causative metrics such taxonomy, diversity/richness, structure, function) outcomes. There well-established frameworks assess effects broad classifications These can assist future in linking Our underrepresented linkages highlight roles its loss lived experiences, infectious diseases, sovereignty livelihoods. More awareness these socioecological interconnections needed.

Язык: Английский

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Implications of microbe-derived ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in gut and brain barrier integrity and GABAergic signaling in Alzheimer’s disease

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

The gut microbial ecosystem communicates bidirectionally with the brain in what is known as gut-microbiome-brain axis. Bidirectional signaling occurs through several pathways including via vagus nerve, circulation of metabolites, and immune activation. Alterations microbiota are implicated Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Perturbations communities may affect within axis altered production metabolites ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), primary inhibitory mammalian neurotransmitter. GABA has been shown to act on integrity modulation mucins tight junction proteins be involved nerve signal inhibition. GABAergic pathway dysregulated AD, responsive interventions. Gut recent interest neurological disorders, AD. Bacteroides Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus, predominant producers GABA. This review highlights how temporal alterations associated AD pathway, intestinal barrier integrity, AD-associated inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal phage–bacteria dynamics in the early life gut microbiome

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of a Ketogenic Diet in Children and Adolescents with Refractory Epilepsy—A Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(6), С. 1809 - 1809

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Epilepsy in the pediatric and adolescent populations is a devastating condition where individuals are prone to recurrent epileptic seizures or changes behavior movement that direct result of primary change electrical activity brain. Although many children with epilepsy will have controlled antiseizure medications (ASMs), large percentage patients refractory drug therapy may consider initiating ketogenic diet. The term Ketogenic Diet Therapy (KDT) refers any diet which dietary composition results state human metabolism. Currently, there 4 major therapies—the classic (cKD), modified Atkins (MAD), medium chain triglyceride (MCTKD) low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). compositions main KDTs differ limited evidence distinguish efficacy among different diets currently exists. it apparent more randomized trials (RCTs) long-term studies needed evaluate efficacy, side effects individual response diet, imperative study understand metabolic profiles order isolate restrictions necessary maximize clinical benefit.

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome: An emerging key player in aging and longevity

Translational Medicine of Aging, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4, С. 103 - 116

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Revolutionary advancements of high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic tools have provided new insights to microbiome function, including a bidirectional relationship between the host aging. The intestinal tract is largest surface in human body that directly interacts with foreign antigens – it covered extremely complex diverse community microorganisms, known as gut microbiome. In healthy gut, microbial communities maintain homeostatic metabolism reside within state immune tolerance. Abnormal shifts microbiome, however, been implicated pathogenesis age-related chronic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases neurodegenerative diseases. emerging key factor aging process. this review, we describe studies humans model organisms suggest direct causal role on Additionally, discuss sex-dimorphism its possible roles sex-dimorphic phenotypes. We also provide an overview widely used analysis methods which could be explore impact remodeling

Язык: Английский

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