Our Gut Microbiome: The Evolving Inner Self

Cell, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 171(7), С. 1481 - 1493

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Growing up in a Bubble: Using Germ-Free Animals to Assess the Influence of the Gut Microbiota on Brain and Behavior

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 19(8), С. pyw020 - pyw020

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2016

There is a growing recognition of the importance commensal intestinal microbiota in development and later function central nervous system. Research using germ-free mice (mice raised without any exposure to microorganisms) has provided some most persuasive evidence for role these bacteria gut-brain signalling. Key findings show that necessary normal stress responsivity, anxiety-like behaviors, sociability, cognition. Furthermore, maintains system homeostasis by regulating immune blood brain barrier integrity. Studies have also found gut influences neurotransmitter, synaptic, neurotrophic signalling systems neurogenesis. The principle advantage mouse model proof-of-principle studies complete or defined consortiums can be introduced at various developmental time points. However, upbringing induce permanent neurodevelopmental deficits may deem unsuitable specific scientific queries do not involve early-life microbial deficiency. As such, alternatives complementary strategies are warranted include antibiotic treatment create microbiota-deficient animals distinct points across lifespan. Increasing our understanding impact on behavior potential inform novel management stress-related gastrointestinal neuropsychiatric disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients

Genome Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) presently is conceptualized as a protein aggregation in which pathology involves both the enteric and central nervous system, possibly spreading from one to another via vagus nerves. As gastrointestinal dysfunction often precedes or parallels motor symptoms, system with its vast diversity of microorganisms may be involved PD pathogenesis. Alterations microbial taxonomic level L-DOPA-naïve patients might also serve biomarker. We performed metagenomic shotgun analyses compared fecal microbiomes 31 early stage, 28 age-matched controls. found increased Verrucomicrobiaceae (Akkermansia muciniphila) unclassified Firmicutes, whereas Prevotellaceae (Prevotella copri) Erysipelotrichaceae (Eubacterium biforme) were markedly lowered samples. The observed differences could reliably separate control ROC-AUC 0.84. Functional metagenomes revealed microbiota metabolism involving ẞ-glucuronate tryptophan metabolism. While abundances prophages plasmids did not differ between controls, total virus abundance was decreased participants. Based on our analyses, intake either MAO inhibitor, amantadine, dopamine agonist (which summary relates 90% patients) had no overall influence taxa functions. Our data colonic controls at an unprecedented detail achievable through 16S sequencing. findings point yet unappreciated aspect PD, intestinal barrier function immune patients. parkinsonian medication should further investigated future larger cohorts.

Язык: Английский

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Specialized Metabolites from the Microbiome in Health and Disease

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 20(5), С. 719 - 730

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2014

Язык: Английский

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The microbiota–gut–brain axis in obesity

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 2(10), С. 747 - 756

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2017

Язык: Английский

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