Circuit-specific signaling in astrocyte-neuron networks in basal ganglia pathways

Science, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 349(6249), С. 730 - 734

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2015

Astrocytes are important regulatory elements in brain function. They respond to neurotransmitters and release gliotransmitters that modulate synaptic transmission. However, the cell- synapse-specificity of functional relationship between astrocytes neurons certain circuits remains unknown. In dorsal striatum, which mainly comprises two intermingled subtypes (striatonigral striatopallidal) medium spiny (MSNs) synapses belonging neural (the direct indirect pathways basal ganglia), subpopulations selectively responded specific MSN subtype activity. These released glutamate activated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors homotypic, but not heterotypic, MSNs. Likewise, astrocyte regulated homotypic through metabotropic receptor activation. Therefore, bidirectional astrocyte-neuron signaling occurs astrocytes, neurons, synapses.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and Specificity of Astrocyte–neuron Communication

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 396, С. 73 - 78

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2018

Язык: Английский

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CB1 Receptor Signaling in the Brain: Extracting Specificity from Ubiquity

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 43(1), С. 4 - 20

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2017

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are amongst the most ubiquitous signaling molecules in nervous system. Over past few decades, observations based on a large volume of work, first examining pharmacological effects exogenous cannabinoids, and then physiological functions eCBs, have directly challenged long-held dogmatic views about communication, plasticity behavior central system (CNS). The eCBs their cognate cannabinoid receptors exhibit number unique properties that distinguish them from widely studied classical amino-acid transmitters, neuropeptides, catecholamines. Although we now loose set mechanistic rules experimental findings, new studies continue to reveal our understanding eCB (ECS) is continuously evolving challenging conventions. Here will briefly summarize findings current canonical view ‘ECS’ address novel aspects how nearly can determine highly specific brain. In particular, focus push for an expansion ideas around beliefs that, while clearly true, may be contributing oversimplified perspective at microscopic level impacts macroscopic level.

Язык: Английский

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Why do cannabinoid receptors have more than one endogenous ligand?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 367(1607), С. 3216 - 3228

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2012

The endocannabinoid system was revealed following the understanding of mechanism action marijuana's major psychotropic principle, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, and includes two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; cannabinoid CB1 CB2 receptors), their endogenous ligands (the endocannabinoids, best studied which are anandamide 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)), proteins that regulate levels activity these ligands. However, other minor lipid metabolites different from, but chemically similar to, 2-AG have also been suggested to act as endocannabinoids. Thus, unlike most GPCRs, appear more than one agonist, it has often wondered what could be physiological meaning this peculiarity. In 1999, proposed might activate targets, in particular transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels. Over last decade, interaction shown occur both peripheral tissues brain, during pathological conditions. TRPV1 channels can activated by another less abundant endocannabinoid, N -arachidonoyldopamine, not 2-AG, some authors ionotropic receptors. This article will discuss latest discoveries on subject, discuss, among others, how differential actions at contribute making signalling a versatile tool available organisms fine-tune homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Programming of neural cells by (endo)cannabinoids: from physiological rules to emerging therapies

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 15(12), С. 786 - 801

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2014

Язык: Английский

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