Melanopsin‐expressing ganglion cells in human retina: Morphology, distribution, and synaptic connections

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 527(1), С. 312 - 327

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2017

Abstract Melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells are intrinsically photosensitive that involved in non‐image forming visual processes such as the pupillary light reflex and circadian entrainment but also contribute to perception. Here we used immunohistochemistry study morphology, density, distribution, synaptic connectivity of melanopsin‐expressing four post mortem human donor retinas. Two types were distinguished based on their dendritic stratification near either outer or inner border plexiform layer. Outer stratifying make up average 60% cells. About half (or 80% cells) have soma displaced nuclear Inner exclusively cell layer include a small proportion bistratified The field diameter ranges from 250 (near fovea) 1,000 µm peripheral retina. trees cover retina independent location. fields both show high degree overlap with coverage factor approximately two. occur at an peak density between ∼20 ∼40 cells/mm 2 about mm eccentricity, drops below ∼10 8 eccentricity. Both dendrites express postsynaptic (PSD95) immunoreactive puncta suggesting they receive input bipolar

Язык: Английский

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A noncanonical inhibitory circuit dampens behavioral sensitivity to light

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 368(6490), С. 527 - 531

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2020

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) drive diverse, light-evoked behaviors that range from conscious visual perception to subconscious, non-image-forming behaviors. It is thought RGCs primarily these functions through the release of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. We identified a subset melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs) in mice inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at brain targets. GABA ipRGCs dampened sensitivity both pupillary light reflex and circadian photoentrainment, thereby shifting dynamic higher levels. Our results identify an RGC population retina provide circuit-level mechanism contributes relative insensitivity low

Язык: Английский

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Form vision from melanopsin in humans

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

Abstract Detection and discrimination of spatial patterns is thought to originate with photoreception by rods cones. Here, we investigated whether the inner-retinal photoreceptor melanopsin could represent a third origin for form vision. We developed 4-primary visual display capable presenting differing in contrast vs cones, generated spectrally distinct stimuli that were indistinguishable cones (metamers) but presented melanopsin. Healthy observers detect sinusoidal gratings formed these metamers when peripheral retina at low (≤0.8 cpd) temporal (≤0.45 Hz) frequencies, Michelson contrasts ≥14% Metameric became invisible lower light levels (<10 13 photons cm −2 sr −1 s ) are more active. The addition metameric increases altered appearance greyscale representations coarse range everyday images. These data identify as new potential aspects vision humans.

Язык: Английский

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Feature Detection by Retinal Ganglion Cells

Annual Review of Vision Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 135 - 169

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into feature representations ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these to brain. Functional, morphological, and transcriptomic surveys have identified more than 40 retinal cell (RGC) types in mice. RGCs extract features varying complexity; some simply signal local differences brightness (i.e., luminance contrast), whereas others detect specific motion trajectories. To understand retina, we need know how give rise diverse RGC representations. A catalog set, turn, is fundamental understanding visual processing Anterograde tracing indicates that innervate 50 areas mouse Current maps connecting brain are rudimentary, as our signals transformed downstream guide behavior. In this article, I review selectivities RGCs, they arise, utilized downstream. Not only knowledge behavioral purpose critical for contributions vision; it can also us most relevant space.

Язык: Английский

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OFF-transient alpha RGCs mediate looming triggered innate defensive response

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(11), С. 2263 - 2273.e3

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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