Pupil fluctuations track rapid changes in adrenergic and cholinergic activity in cortex

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2016

Abstract Rapid variations in cortical state during wakefulness have a strong influence on neural and behavioural responses are tightly coupled to changes pupil size across species. However, the physiological processes linking largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that these rapid variations, both quiet waking locomotion, highly correlated with fluctuations activity of corticopetal noradrenergic cholinergic projections. dilations associated phasic axons, whereas longer-lasting pupil, such as accompanied by sustained axons. Thus, can be used sensitively track multiple neuromodulatory transmitter systems they control brain.

Язык: Английский

---

The Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks: Integrated Network States during Cognitive Task Performance

Neuron, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 92(2), С. 544 - 554

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

---

Pupil dilation as an index of effort in cognitive control tasks: A review

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 25(6), С. 2005 - 2015

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2018

Pupillometry research has experienced an enormous revival in the last two decades. Here we briefly review surge of recent studies on task-evoked pupil dilation context cognitive control tasks with primary aim being to evaluate feasibility using as index effort exertion, rather than task demand or difficulty. Our shows that across three domains updating, switching, and inhibition, increases demands typically leads dilation. Studies show a diverging pattern respect relationship between performance how account can provide explanation these findings. We also discuss future directions further corroborate this theories their potential neurobiological substrates.

Язык: Английский

---

Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function

Journal of Cognition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response brightness (the pupil light response), near fixation and dilate increases arousal mental effort, either triggered by an external stimulus or spontaneously. In this review, I describe these responses, how are related high-level cognition, the neural pathways that control them. also discuss functional relevance is, responses help us better see world. Although likely serve many functions, not all which fully understood, one important function is optimize vision for acuity (small pupils sharper) depth field sharply at a wider range distances), sensitivity (large able detect faint stimuli); change their size particular situation. ways, similar other eye movements, such as saccades smooth pursuit: like have properties both reflexive voluntary action, part active visual exploration.

Язык: Английский

---

Beyond eye gaze: What else can eyetracking reveal about cognition and cognitive development?

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 25, С. 69 - 91

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2016

This review provides an introduction to two eyetracking measures that can be used study cognitive development and plasticity: pupil dilation spontaneous blink rate. We begin by outlining the rich history of gaze analysis, which reveal current focus attention as well strategies. then turn lesser-utilized ocular measures. Pupil is modulated brain’s locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, controls physiological arousal attention, has been a measure subjective task difficulty, mental effort, neural gain. Spontaneous eyeblink rate correlates with levels dopamine in central nervous processes underlying learning goal-directed behavior. Taken together, gaze, dilation, are three non-invasive complementary cognition high temporal resolution well-understood foundations. Here we foundations rate, provide examples their usage, describe analytic methods methodological considerations, discuss potential for research on learning, development, plasticity.

Язык: Английский

---

Locus coeruleus: a new look at the blue spot

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(11), С. 644 - 659

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Pupil Size as a Window on Neural Substrates of Cognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(6), С. 466 - 480

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Pupil-linked arousal is driven by decision uncertainty and alters serial choice bias

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2017

Abstract While judging their sensory environments, decision-makers seem to use the uncertainty about choices guide adjustments of subsequent behaviour. One possible source these behavioural is arousal: decision might drive brain’s arousal systems, which control global brain state and thereby shape decision-making. Here, we measure pupil diameter, a proxy for central state, in human observers performing perceptual choice task varying difficulty. Pupil dilation, after but before external feedback, reflects three hallmark signatures derived from computational model. This increase pupil-linked boosts observers’ tendency alternate on trial. We conclude that drives rapid changes serial correlation structure ongoing

Язык: Английский

---

The Locus Coeruleus: Essential for Maintaining Cognitive Function and the Aging Brain

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 20(3), С. 214 - 226

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2016

Язык: Английский

---

Computations of uncertainty mediate acute stress responses in humans

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Март 29, 2016

The effects of stress are frequently studied, yet its proximal causes remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that subjective estimates uncertainty predict the dynamics and physiological responses. Subjects learned a probabilistic mapping between visual stimuli electric shocks. Salivary cortisol confirmed our stressor elicited changes in endocrine activity. Using hierarchical Bayesian learning model, quantified relationship different forms task acute Subjective stress, pupil diameter skin conductance all tracked evolution irreducible uncertainty. We observed coupling emotional somatic state, with tuning to tightly correlated. Furthermore, predicted individual performance, consistent an adaptive role for under uncertain threat. Our finding responses tuned environmental provides new insight into their generation likely function.

Язык: Английский

---