Cerebral Cortex,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
30(1), С. 421 - 437
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2019
Abstract
Recent
studies
in
mice
reveal
widespread
cortical
signals
during
task
performance;
however,
the
various
task-related
and
task-independent
processes
underlying
this
activity
are
incompletely
understood.
Here,
we
recorded
wide-field
neural
activity,
as
revealed
by
GCaMP6s,
from
dorsal
cortex
while
simultaneously
monitoring
orofacial
movements,
walking,
arousal
(pupil
diameter)
of
head-fixed
performing
a
Go/NoGo
visual
detection
examined
ability
performance
spontaneous
or
movements
to
predict
activity.
A
linear
model
was
able
explain
significant
fraction
(33–55%
variance)
widefield
with
largest
factors
being
(facial,
walk,
eye),
response
choice
(hit,
miss,
false
alarm),
indicate
that
trial-to-trial
variability
arises
both
changes
state
(e.g.,
arousal).
Importantly,
secondary
motor
highly
correlated
lick
rate,
critical
for
optimal
(high
d′),
first
region
significantly
on
target
trials.
These
findings
suggest
is
critically
involved
decision
learned
variation
results
variations
behavioral/arousal
state.
Neuron
activity
across
the
brain
How
is
it
that
groups
of
neurons
dispersed
through
interact
to
generate
complex
behaviors?
Three
papers
in
this
issue
present
brain-scale
studies
neuronal
and
dynamics
(see
Perspective
by
Huk
Hart).
Allen
et
al.
found
thirsty
mice,
there
widespread
neural
related
stimuli
elicit
licking
drinking.
Individual
encoded
task-specific
responses,
but
every
area
contained
with
different
types
response.
Optogenetic
stimulation
thirst-sensing
one
reinstated
drinking
previously
signaled
thirst.
Gründemann
investigated
mouse
basal
amygdala
relation
behavior
during
tasks.
Two
ensembles
showed
orthogonal
exploratory
nonexploratory
behaviors,
possibly
reflecting
levels
anxiety
experienced
these
areas.
Stringer
analyzed
spontaneous
firing,
finding
primary
visual
cortex
both
information
motor
facial
movements.
The
variability
responses
mainly
arousal
reflects
encoding
latent
behavioral
states.
Science
,
p.
eaav3932
eaav8736
eaav7893
;
see
also
236
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
25(6), С. 2005 - 2015
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2018
Pupillometry
research
has
experienced
an
enormous
revival
in
the
last
two
decades.
Here
we
briefly
review
surge
of
recent
studies
on
task-evoked
pupil
dilation
context
cognitive
control
tasks
with
primary
aim
being
to
evaluate
feasibility
using
as
index
effort
exertion,
rather
than
task
demand
or
difficulty.
Our
shows
that
across
three
domains
updating,
switching,
and
inhibition,
increases
demands
typically
leads
dilation.
Studies
show
a
diverging
pattern
respect
relationship
between
performance
how
account
can
provide
explanation
these
findings.
We
also
discuss
future
directions
further
corroborate
this
theories
their
potential
neurobiological
substrates.
Journal of Cognition,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
1(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018
Pupils
respond
to
three
distinct
kinds
of
stimuli:
they
constrict
in
response
brightness
(the
pupil
light
response),
near
fixation
and
dilate
increases
arousal
mental
effort,
either
triggered
by
an
external
stimulus
or
spontaneously.
In
this
review,
I
describe
these
responses,
how
are
related
high-level
cognition,
the
neural
pathways
that
control
them.
also
discuss
functional
relevance
is,
responses
help
us
better
see
world.
Although
likely
serve
many
functions,
not
all
which
fully
understood,
one
important
function
is
optimize
vision
for
acuity
(small
pupils
sharper)
depth
field
sharply
at
a
wider
range
distances),
sensitivity
(large
able
detect
faint
stimuli);
change
their
size
particular
situation.
ways,
similar
other
eye
movements,
such
as
saccades
smooth
pursuit:
like
have
properties
both
reflexive
voluntary
action,
part
active
visual
exploration.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
100(2), С. 805 - 868
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2019
Sleep
spindles
are
burstlike
signals
in
the
electroencephalogram
(EEG)
of
sleeping
mammalian
brain
and
electrical
surface
correlates
neuronal
oscillations
thalamus.
As
one
most
inheritable
sleep
EEG
signatures,
probably
reflect
strength
malleability
thalamocortical
circuits
that
underlie
individual
cognitive
profiles.
We
review
characteristics,
organization,
regulation,
origins
their
implication
non-rapid-eye-movement
(NREMS)
its
functions,
focusing
on
human
rodent.
Spatially,
spindle-related
activity
appears
scales
ranging
from
small
thalamic
to
functional
cortical
areas,
generates
a
state
favoring
intracortical
plasticity
while
limiting
output.
Temporally,
discrete
events,
part
continuous
power
band,
elements
grouped
an
infraslow
time
scale
over
which
NREMS
alternates
between
continuity
fragility.
synthesize
diverse
seemingly
unlinked
functions
for
architecture,
sensory
processing,
synaptic
plasticity,
memory
formation,
abilities
into
unifying
spindle
concept,
according
1)
generate
neural
conditions
large-scale
connectivity
outlast
appearance
as
2)
appear
preferentially
engaged
learning
attention-based
experience
during
wakefulness,
3)
enable
selective
reactivation
routing
wake-instated
traces
areas
such
hippocampus
cortex.
Their
fine
spatiotemporal
organization
reflects
physiological
coordinated
body
may
indicate,
if
not
anticipate
ultimately
differentiate,
pathologies
neurodevelopmental,
-degenerative,
-psychiatric
conditions.
Trends in Hearing,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
22, С. 233121651880086 - 233121651880086
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018
Within
the
field
of
hearing
science,
pupillometry
is
a
widely
used
method
for
quantifying
listening
effort.
Its
use
in
research
growing
exponentially,
and
many
labs
are
(considering)
applying
first
time.
Hence,
there
need
methods
paper
on
covering
topics
spanning
from
experiment
logistics
timing
to
data
cleaning
what
parameters
analyze.
This
article
contains
basic
information
considerations
needed
plan,
set
up,
interpret
experiment,
as
well
commentary
about
how
response.
Included
practicalities
like
minimal
system
requirements
recording
pupil
response
specifications
peripheral,
equipment,
constraints,
different
kinds
processing.
Additional
details
include
participant
inclusion
exclusion
criteria
some
methodological
that
might
not
be
necessary
other
auditory
experiments.
We
discuss
should
recorded
monitor
quality
during
order
minimize
artifacts.
Data
processing
analysis
considered
well.
Finally,
we
share
insights
collective
experience
authors
challenges
still
lie
ahead.
