The hearing ear is always found close to the speaking tongue : Review of the role of the motor system in speech perception

Brain and Language, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 164, С. 77 - 105

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2016

Does "the motor system" play "a role" in speech perception? If so, where, how, and when? We conducted a systematic review that addresses these questions using both qualitative quantitative methods. The of behavioural, computational modelling, non-human animal, brain damage/disorder, electrical stimulation/recording, neuroimaging research suggests distributed regions involved producing specific, dynamic, contextually determined roles perception. employed region network based meta-analyses novel text mining method to describe relative contributions nodes networks. Supporting the review, results show specific functional correspondence between non-linguistic movement articulators, covertly overtly speech, perception nonword word sounds. This set cortical subcortical production are ubiquitously active form multiple networks whose topologies dynamically change with listening context. Results inconsistent acoustic only models classical contemporary dual-stream organization language brain. Instead, more consistent complex which related subnetworks self-organize constrain interpretation indeterminant patterns as context requires.

Язык: Английский

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Circuit Mechanisms of Sensorimotor Learning

Neuron, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 92(4), С. 705 - 721

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Specific Basal Forebrain–Cortical Cholinergic Circuits Coordinate Cognitive Operations

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 38(44), С. 9446 - 9458

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2018

Based on recent molecular genetics, as well functional and quantitative anatomical studies, the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections, once viewed a diffuse system, are emerging being remarkably specific in connectivity. Acetylcholine (ACh) can rapidly selectively modulate activity of circuits ACh release be coordinated multiple areas that related to particular aspects cognitive processing. This review discusses how combination new approaches with more established techniques used finally reveal neurons, together other BF provide temporal structure for behavior, contribute local cortical state regulation, coordinate between different functionally circuits. modulates dynamics encoding attention within individual circuits, allows important transitions during sleep, shapes fidelity sensory processing by changing correlation neural firing. The importance this system integrated fluid behavioral function is underscored its disease-modifying role; demise neurons has long been Alzheimer's disease studies have revealed involvement modulation anxiety-related Therefore, plays pivotal role modulating brain sleep foretold intricacies map.

Язык: Английский

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Global waves synchronize the brain’s functional systems with fluctuating arousal

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(30)

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2021

Traveling waves spatiotemporally organize brain-wide activity in synchrony with ongoing arousal fluctuations.

Язык: Английский

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Movement and Performance Explain Widespread Cortical Activity in a Visual Detection Task

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 30(1), С. 421 - 437

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2019

Abstract Recent studies in mice reveal widespread cortical signals during task performance; however, the various task-related and task-independent processes underlying this activity are incompletely understood. Here, we recorded wide-field neural activity, as revealed by GCaMP6s, from dorsal cortex while simultaneously monitoring orofacial movements, walking, arousal (pupil diameter) of head-fixed performing a Go/NoGo visual detection examined ability performance spontaneous or movements to predict activity. A linear model was able explain significant fraction (33–55% variance) widefield with largest factors being (facial, walk, eye), response choice (hit, miss, false alarm), indicate that trial-to-trial variability arises both changes state (e.g., arousal). Importantly, secondary motor highly correlated lick rate, critical for optimal (high d′), first region significantly on target trials. These findings suggest is critically involved decision learned variation results variations behavioral/arousal state.

Язык: Английский

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The role of the locus coeruleus in the generation of pathological anxiety

Brain and Neuroscience Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4, С. 239821282093032 - 239821282093032

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

This review aims to synthesise a large pre-clinical and clinical literature related hypothesised role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in responses acute chronic threat, as well emergence pathological anxiety. The has widespread projections throughout central nervous system, which act globally modulate arousal states adaptive behavior, crucially positioned play significant modulating both ascending visceral descending cortical neurocognitive information. In response threat or stressor, coeruleus–norepinephrine modulates arousal, alerting orienting functions can have powerful effect on regulation multiple memory systems. Chronic stress leads amplification reactivity subsequent stressors, is coupled with anxiety-like behaviors rodents. While direct vivo evidence for dysfunction humans anxiety remains limited, recent advances high-resolution 7-T magnetic resonance imaging computational modeling approaches are starting provide new insights into characteristics.

Язык: Английский

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Pupillometry as an integrated readout of distinct attentional networks

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(8), С. 635 - 647

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Cholinergic and noradrenergic axonal activity contains a behavioral-state signal that is coordinated across the dorsal cortex

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Fluctuations in brain and behavioral state are supported by broadly projecting neuromodulatory systems. In this study, we use mesoscale two-photon calcium imaging to examine spontaneous activity of cholinergic noradrenergic axons awake mice order determine the interaction between arousal/movement transitions across dorsal cortex at distances separated up 4 mm. We confirm that GCaMP6s within axonal projections both basal forebrain locus coeruleus neurons track arousal, indexed as pupil diameter, changes engagement, reflected bouts whisker movement and/or locomotion. The broad coordination even distant segments indicates these systems can communicate, part, through a global signal, especially relation state. addition coordinated activity, also find evidence subpopulation may exhibit heterogeneity appears be independent our measures By monitoring interneurons cortex, found cells state-dependent (arousal/movement) activity. These results demonstrate provide prominent synchronized signal related state, therefore contribute cortical excitability.

Язык: Английский

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Neurobehavioral meaning of pupil size

Neuron, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(20), С. 3381 - 3395

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

Pupil size is a widely used metric of brain state. It one the few signals originating from that can be readily monitored with low-cost devices in basic science, clinical, and home settings. is, therefore, important to investigate generate well-defined theories related specific interpretations this metric. What exactly does it tell us about brain? Pupils constrict response light dilate during darkness, but also controls pupil irrespective luminosity. fluctuations resulting ongoing "brain states" are as arousal, what pupil-linked arousal how should interpreted neural, cognitive, computational terms? Here, we discuss some recent findings these issues. We identify open questions propose answer them through combination tasks, neurocomputational models, neurophysiological probing interconnected loops causes consequences size.

Язык: Английский

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Coordinated Acetylcholine Release in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus Is Associated with Arousal and Reward on Distinct Timescales

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 18(4), С. 905 - 917

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Cholinergic neurotransmission throughout the neocortex and hippocampus regulates arousal, learning, attention. However, owing to poorly characterized timing location of acetylcholine release, its detailed behavioral functions remain unclear. Using electrochemical biosensors chronically implanted in mice, we made continuous measurements spatiotemporal dynamics release across multiple states. We found that tonic levels were coordinated between prefrontal cortex maximal during training on a rewarded working memory task. Tonic also increased REM sleep but was contingent subsequent wakefulness. In contrast, phasic occurred only task strongly localized reward delivery areas without being trial outcome. These results show is associated with arousal distinct timescales, providing dual mechanisms support learned behavior acquisition cognitive performance.

Язык: Английский

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