European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
53(1), С. 114 - 125
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2019
Abstract
Optimal
acetylcholine
(ACh)
signaling
is
important
for
sustained
attention
and
facilitates
learning
memory.
At
the
same
time,
human
animal
studies
have
demonstrated
increased
levels
of
ACh
in
brain
during
depressive
episodes
symptoms
anxiety,
depression,
reactivity
to
stress
when
breakdown
impaired.
While
it
possible
that
neuromodulatory
roles
cognitive
affective
processes
are
distinct,
one
possibility
homeostatic
necessary
appropriate
learning,
but
overly
high
cholinergic
promote
encoding
stressful
events,
leading
negative
bias
a
core
symptom
depression.
In
this
review,
we
outline
hypothesis
suggest
potential
neural
pathways
underlying
mechanisms
may
support
role
bias.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
101(1), С. 213 - 258
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2020
Chronic,
pathological
pain
remains
a
global
health
problem
and
challenge
to
basic
clinical
sciences.
A
major
obstacle
preventing,
treating,
or
reverting
chronic
has
been
that
the
nature
of
neural
circuits
underlying
diverse
components
complex,
multidimensional
experience
is
not
well
understood.
Moreover,
involves
maladaptive
plasticity
processes,
which
have
decoded
mechanistically
in
terms
involvement
specific
cause-effect
relationships.
This
review
aims
discuss
recent
advances
our
understanding
circuit
connectivity
mammalian
brain
at
level
regional
contributions
cell
types
acute
pain.
focus
placed
on
functional
dissection
sub-neocortical
using
optogenetics,
chemogenetics,
imaging
technological
tools
rodent
models
with
view
towards
decoding
sensory,
affective,
motivational-cognitive
dimensions
The
summarizes
breakthroughs
insights
structure-function
properties
nociceptive
higher
order
modulatory
involved
aversion,
learning,
reward,
mood
their
modulation
by
endogenous
GABAergic
inhibition,
noradrenergic,
cholinergic,
dopaminergic,
serotonergic,
peptidergic
pathways.
knowledge
dynamic
regulation
via
structural
will
be
beneficial
designing
improving
targeted
therapies.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
43(1), С. 391 - 415
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2020
Neural
activity
and
behavior
are
both
notoriously
variable,
with
responses
differing
widely
between
repeated
presentation
of
identical
stimuli
or
trials.
Recent
results
in
humans
animals
reveal
that
these
variations
not
random
their
nature,
but
may
fact
be
due
large
part
to
rapid
shifts
neural,
cognitive,
behavioral
states.
Here
we
review
recent
advances
the
understanding
waking
state,
how
generated,
they
modulate
neural
mice
humans.
We
propose
brain
has
an
identifiable
set
states
through
which
it
wanders
continuously
a
nonrandom
fashion,
owing
ascending
modulatory
fast-acting
corticocortical
subcortical-cortical
pathways.
These
state
provide
backdrop
upon
operates,
them
is
critical
making
progress
revealing
mechanisms
underlying
cognition
behavior.
Brain Structure and Function,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
228(5), С. 1201 - 1257
Опубликована: Май 13, 2023
The
orbitofrontal
cortex
and
amygdala
are
involved
in
emotion
motivation,
but
the
relationship
between
these
functions
performed
by
brain
structures
is
not
clear.
To
address
this,
a
unified
theory
of
motivation
described
which
motivational
states
instrumental
goal-directed
actions
to
obtain
rewards
or
avoid
punishers,
emotional
that
elicited
when
reward
punisher
received.
This
greatly
simplifies
our
understanding
for
same
set
genes
associated
systems
can
define
primary
unlearned
punishers
such
as
sweet
taste
pain.
Recent
evidence
on
connectivity
human
indicates
value
experienced
with
outputs
cortical
regions
including
those
language,
key
region
depression
changes
motivation.
has
weak
effective
back
humans,
implicated
brainstem-mediated
responses
stimuli
freezing
autonomic
activity,
rather
than
declarative
emotion.
anterior
cingulate
learning
rewards,
ventromedial
prefrontal
providing
goals
navigation
reward-related
effects
memory
consolidation
mediated
partly
via
cholinergic
system.
Cerebral Cortex,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
33(2), С. 330 - 356
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022
The
human
orbitofrontal
cortex,
ventromedial
prefrontal
cortex
(vmPFC),
and
anterior
cingulate
are
involved
in
reward
processing
thereby
emotion
but
also
implicated
episodic
memory.
To
understand
these
regions
better,
the
effective
connectivity
between
360
cortical
24
subcortical
was
measured
172
humans
from
Human
Connectome
Project
complemented
with
functional
diffusion
tractography.
has
gustatory,
olfactory,
temporal
visual,
auditory,
pole
areas.
to
pregenual
posterior
hippocampal
system
provides
for
rewards
be
used
memory
navigation
goals.
have
supracallosal
which
projects
midcingulate
other
premotor
areas
action-outcome
learning
including
limb
withdrawal
or
flight
fight
aversive
nonreward
stimuli.
lateral
outputs
language
systems
inferior
frontal
gyrus.
medial
connects
nucleus
basalis
of
Meynert
septum,
damage
may
contribute
impairments
by
disrupting
cholinergic
influences
on
neocortex
hippocampus.
Abstract
A
key
question
for
understanding
the
function
of
hippocampus
in
memory
is
how
information
recalled
from
to
neocortex.
This
was
investigated
a
neuronal
network
model
hippocampal
system
which
“What”
and
“Where”
firing
rate
vectors
were
applied
separate
neocortical
modules,
then
activated
entorhinal
cortex
dentate
gyrus,
CA3,
CA1,
cortex,
backprojections
showed
that
whole
could
be
trained
recall
neocortex
as
retrieval
cue
neocortex,
principle
up
towards
theoretical
capacity
determined
largely
by
number
synapses
onto
any
one
neuron
divided
sparseness
representation.
The
synaptic
weights
imported
into
an
integrate‐and‐fire
simulation
same
architecture,
time
presenting
module
approximately
100
ms.
sufficiently
fast
backprojection
still
active
neurons
during
storage
episodic
memory,
this
needed
operate
correctly
These
simulations
also
long
loop
neocortex–hippocampus–neocortex
operates
continuously
may
contribute
complete
neocortex;
but
positive
feedback
makes
dynamical
inherently
liable
pathological
increase
activity.
Important
factors
contributed
stability
included
increased
inhibition
CA3
CA1
keep
rates
low;
temporal
adaptation
synapses,
are
proposed
make
important
contribution
stabilizing
runaway
excitation
cortical
circuits
brain.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024
Abstract
Aging
is
frequently
associated
with
compromised
cerebrovasculature
and
pericytes.
However,
we
do
not
know
how
normal
aging
differentially
impacts
vascular
structure
function
in
different
brain
areas.
Here
utilize
mesoscale
microscopy
methods
vivo
imaging
to
determine
detailed
changes
aged
murine
cerebrovascular
networks.
Whole-brain
tracing
shows
an
overall
~10%
decrease
length
branching
density
~7%
increase
radii
brains.
Light
sheet
3D
immunolabeling
reveals
increased
arteriole
tortuosity
of
Notably,
vasculature
pericyte
densities
show
selective
significant
reductions
the
deep
cortical
layers,
hippocampal
network,
basal
forebrain
We
find
blood
extravasation,
implying
blood-brain
barrier
Moreover,
awake
mice
demonstrates
reduced
baseline
on-demand
oxygenation
despite
relatively
intact
neurovascular
coupling.
Collectively,
uncover
regional
vulnerabilities
network
physiological
that
can
mediate
cognitive
decline
aging.
