Pupil Size as a Window on Neural Substrates of Cognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(6), С. 466 - 480

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression

Brain Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Abstract The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area emotion, and representation of reward value non-reward, that not obtaining an expected reward. Cortical processing before about identity stimuli, i.e. ‘what’ present, value. There evidence this holds for taste, visual, somatosensory olfactory stimuli. human medial represents many different types reward, lateral non-reward punishment. Not can lead to sadness, feeling depressed. concept advanced important region depression cortex, with related over-responsiveness over-connectedness non-reward-related under-responsiveness under-connectivity reward-related cortex. Evidence from large-scale voxel-level studies supported by activation study described provides support hypothesis. Increased functional connectivity areas include precuneus, posterior cingulate angular gyrus found patients reduced towards levels controls when treated medication. Decreased temporal lobe involved memory depression. Some treatments may act reducing activity or New increase be useful These concepts, increased attractor networks, have potential advancing our understanding treatment focus on humans, because differences operation indeed systems, rodents. Finally, hypothesis developed has a special role emotion decision-making part as cortical it implement networks maintaining emotional states online, decision-making.

Язык: Английский

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One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2020

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with highly multifaceted pathology that includes (but not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative affect, and motivation maintain drug consumption. SUDs are prevalent, 35 million people meeting criteria for SUD. While addiction studied, most investigations of examine in isolation, rather than the more prevalent context comorbid substance histories. Indeed, 11.3% individuals diagnosed SUD have concurrent alcohol illicit disorders. Furthermore, having one increases susceptibility developing dependence on additional substances. For example, increased risk heroin twofold misusers, threefold cannabis users, 15-fold cocaine 40-fold prescription misusers. Given prevalence associated polysubstance current public health crises, examining these disorders through lens co-use essential translatability improved treatment efficacy. The escalating economic social costs continued rise has spurred interest preclinical models effectively model this phenomenon. Here, we review state field understanding behavioral neural circuitry common pairings alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, other addictive Moreover, outline key considerations when models, including challenges provide insights improve outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Interaction of the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (l-DLPFC) and Right Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) in Hot and Cold Executive Functions: Evidence from Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 369, С. 109 - 123

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Meta-analysis of reward processing in major depressive disorder reveals distinct abnormalities within the reward circuit

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2019

Abstract Many neuroimaging studies have investigated reward processing dysfunction in major depressive disorder. These led to the common idea that disorder is associated with blunted responses within circuit, particularly ventral striatum. Yet, link between and reward-related other regions remains inconclusive, thus limiting our understanding of pathophysiology To address this issue, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis 41 whole-brain encompassing from total 794 patients 803 healthy controls. Our findings argue against primarily linked deficits system. Instead, results demonstrate opposing abnormalities circuit: hypo-responses striatum hyper-responses orbitofrontal cortex. The current suggest dysregulated corticostriatal connectivity may underlie reward-processing disorder, providing an empirical foundation for more refined circuitry

Язык: Английский

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Stochastic synaptic plasticity underlying compulsion in a model of addiction

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 564(7736), С. 366 - 371

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(17), С. 2743 - 2770

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala

Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 228(5), С. 1201 - 1257

Опубликована: Май 13, 2023

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of motivation described which motivational states instrumental goal-directed actions to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when reward punisher received. This greatly simplifies our understanding for same set genes associated systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as sweet taste pain. Recent evidence on connectivity human indicates value experienced with outputs cortical regions including those language, key region depression changes motivation. has weak effective back humans, implicated brainstem-mediated responses stimuli freezing autonomic activity, rather than declarative emotion. anterior cingulate learning rewards, ventromedial prefrontal providing goals navigation reward-related effects memory consolidation mediated partly via cholinergic system.

Язык: Английский

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The human orbitofrontal cortex, vmPFC, and anterior cingulate cortex effective connectome: emotion, memory, and action

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(2), С. 330 - 356

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

The human orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and anterior cingulate are involved in reward processing thereby emotion but also implicated episodic memory. To understand these regions better, the effective connectivity between 360 cortical 24 subcortical was measured 172 humans from Human Connectome Project complemented with functional diffusion tractography. has gustatory, olfactory, temporal visual, auditory, pole areas. to pregenual posterior hippocampal system provides for rewards be used memory navigation goals. have supracallosal which projects midcingulate other premotor areas action-outcome learning including limb withdrawal or flight fight aversive nonreward stimuli. lateral outputs language systems inferior frontal gyrus. medial connects nucleus basalis of Meynert septum, damage may contribute impairments by disrupting cholinergic influences on neocortex hippocampus.

Язык: Английский

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The hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and episodic and semantic memory

Progress in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 217, С. 102334 - 102334

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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