Retinal isomerization in bacteriorhodopsin captured by a femtosecond x-ray laser

Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 361(6398)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2018

Look fast Organisms from bacteria to humans sense and react light. Proteins that contain the light-sensitive molecule retinal couple absorption of light conformational changes produce a signal or move ions across membrane. Nogly et al. used an x-ray laser probe earliest structural chromophore within microcrystals ion pump bacteriorhodopsin (see Perspective by Moffat). The excited-state wiggles but is held in place so only one double bond capable isomerizing. A water adjacent proton-pumping Schiff base responds charge distribution even before movement atoms begins. Science , this issue p. eaat0094 ; see also 127

Язык: Английский

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Optogenetics for light control of biological systems

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A Series of Fortunate Events: Introducing Chlamydomonas as a Reference Organism

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 31(8), С. 1682 - 1707

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2019

The unicellular alga

Язык: Английский

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Dendritic spines: Revisiting the physiological role

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 92, С. 161 - 193

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Next-generation interfaces for studying neural function

Nature Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 37(9), С. 1013 - 1023

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles

The AAPS Journal, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 20(3)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise a heterogeneous group of small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, which play critical role in intracellular communication and regulation numerous physiological processes health disease. Naturally released from virtually all cells, these contain an array nucleic acids, lipids proteins they transfer to target cells within their local milieu systemically. They have been proposed as means "cell-free, cell therapy" for cancer, immune disorders, more recently cardiovascular In addition, unique properties stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity prompted research into potential therapeutic delivery agents drugs molecules. this review, we aim provide comprehensive overview the current understanding extracellular vesicle biology well engineering strategies improve potential.

Язык: Английский

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Optical control of neuronal ion channels and receptors

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(9), С. 514 - 532

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Frontiers in Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning memory possibly cognition vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program implement vision multidisciplinary field OI. This aims establish OI as form genuine biological computing that harnesses using scientific bioengineering an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated can now be produced with high cell density enriched levels glial cells gene expression for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems support scalable durable culturing, spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution electrophysiological signaling recording explore capacity recapitulate mechanisms formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training organoid-computer interfaces are development. We envisage complex, networked whereby connected real-world sensors output devices, ultimately each other sensory organ (e.g. retinal organoids), trained biofeedback, big-data warehousing, machine methods. In parallel, emphasize embedded ethics approach analyze ethical raised by research iterative, manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications this urge strategic development discipline. anticipate OI-based allow faster decision-making, continuous during tasks, greater energy data efficiency. Furthermore, “intelligence-in-a-dish” help elucidate pathophysiology devastating developmental degenerative diseases (such dementia), potentially aiding identification therapeutic approaches address major global unmet needs.

Язык: Английский

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Optophysiology: Illuminating cell physiology with optogenetics

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 102(3), С. 1263 - 1325

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2022

Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, organisms with tailored functions. has the advantages noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, superior spatiotemporal resolution. Following initial discovery microbial opsins as light-actuated ion channels, a plethora naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors photosensitive domains that respond at varying wavelengths ushered in next chapter optogenetics. Through protein engineering synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly into scaffolds host cells myriad biological processes, well behavioral disease intervention vivo. Here, we summarize these optogenetic tools on basis their fundamental photochemical properties better inform chemical design principles. We also highlight exemplary applications opsin-free optogenetics dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology") describe current progress, future trends, wireless optogenetics, which enables remote interrogation physiological processes minimal invasiveness. This review is anticipated spark novel thoughts next-generation devices promise accelerate both basic translational studies.

Язык: Английский

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Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: A Coming-of-Age Story

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 38(49), С. 10401 - 10410

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2018

What has become standard textbook knowledge over the last decade was a hotly debated matter earlier: proposition that new neurons are generated in adult mammalian CNS. The early discovery by Altman and colleagues 1960s vulnerable to criticism due lack of technical strategies for unequivocal demonstration, quantification, physiological analysis newly brain tissue. After several technological advancements had been made field, we published paper 1996 describing generation rat decline hippocampal neurogenesis during aging. coincided with publication other studies together established as cellular mechanism brain. In this Progressions article, which is no means comprehensive review, recount our personal view initial setting led study discuss some its implications developments followed. We also address questions remain regarding regulation function brain, particular existence human

Язык: Английский

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