Brainstem Circuits for Locomotion

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(1), С. 63 - 85

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that expressed as the output of many integrated brain functions. organized at several levels nervous system, with brainstem circuits acting gate between areas regulating innate, emotional, or motivational locomotion and executive spinal circuits. Here we review recent advances on involved in controlling locomotion. We describe how delineated command govern start, speed, stop, steering also discuss these pathways interface cord diverse important for context-specific selection A recurrent theme need to establish functional connectome from Finally, point unresolved issues concerning function locomotor control.

Язык: Английский

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Synaptic architecture of leg and wing premotor control networks in Drosophila

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 631(8020), С. 369 - 377

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The whisking oscillator circuit

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 609(7927), С. 560 - 568

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Determinants of motor neuron functional subtypes important for locomotor speed

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(9), С. 113049 - 113049

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Locomotion requires precise control of the strength and speed muscle contraction is achieved by recruiting functionally distinct subtypes motor neurons (MNs). MNs are essential to movement differentially susceptible in disease, but little known about how acquire functional subtype-specific features during development. Using single-cell RNA profiling embryonic larval zebrafish, we identify novel conserved molecular signatures for MN genes expressed both early post-mitotic mature MNs. Assessing development genetic mutants, define a program subtype specification. Two evolutionarily transcription factors, Prdm16 Mecom, determinants integral fast Loss prdm16 or mecom causes develop transcriptional profiles innervation similar slow These results reveal diversity vertebrate axial demonstrate that specified through intrinsic codes.

Язык: Английский

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The CPGs for Limbed Locomotion–Facts and Fiction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(11), С. 5882 - 5882

Опубликована: Май 30, 2021

The neuronal networks that generate locomotion are well understood in swimming animals such as the lamprey, zebrafish and tadpole. controlling tetrapods remain, however, still enigmatic with an intricate motor pattern required for control of entire limb during support, lift off, flexion phase, most demandingly when makes contact ground again. It is clear inhibition occurs between bursts each step cycle produced by V2b V1 interneurons, a deletion these interneurons leads to synchronous flexor–extensor bursting. ability rhythmic bursting distributed over all segments comprising part central generator network (CPG). unclear how generated; Shox2, V2a HB9 do contribute. To deduce possible organization locomotor CPG, simulations have been elaborated. has simulated considerable detail composed unit burst generators; one group close synergistic muscle groups at joint. This model can reproduce complex constant phase shortened extensor speed increases. Moreover, versatile both forward backward locomotion.

Язык: Английский

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An injury-induced serotonergic neuron subpopulation contributes to axon regrowth and function restoration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts long-projecting descending spinal neurons and disrupts the central pattern generator (CPG) that controls locomotion. The intrinsic mechanisms underlying re-wiring of neural circuits recovery locomotion after SCI are unclear. Zebrafish shows axonal regeneration functional making it a robust model to study regeneration. Here, we use two-cut investigate whether can occur independently supraspinal connections. Using this model, show induces localization specialized group intraspinal serotonergic (ISNs), with distinctive molecular cellular properties, at site. This subpopulation ISNs have hyperactive terminal varicosities constantly releasing serotonin activating 5-HT 1B receptors, resulting in regrowth interneurons. Axon excitatory interneurons is more pronounced compared inhibitory Knock-out htr1b prevents axon interneurons, negatively affecting coordination rostral-caudal body movements restoration locomotor function. On other hand, treatment receptor agonizts promotes following SCI. In summary, our data an mechanism where stimulates improved functions zebrafish.

Язык: Английский

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A spinal organ of proprioception for integrated motor action feedback

Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(7), С. 1188 - 1201.e7

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2021

Proprioception is essential for behavior and provides a sense of our body movements in physical space. Proprioceptor organs are thought to be only the periphery. Whether central nervous system can intrinsically its own movement remains unclear. Here we identify segmental organ proprioception adult zebrafish spinal cord, which embedded by intraspinal mechanosensory neurons expressing Piezo2 channels. These cells late-born, inhibitory, commissural with unique molecular physiological profiles reflecting dual sensory motor function. The proprioceptive locally detects lateral during locomotion direct inhibitory feedback onto rhythm-generating interneurons responsible program. This dynamically aligns pattern generation outcome efficient locomotion. Our results demonstrate that monitors self-movement using hybrid merge entities into unified network.

Язык: Английский

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Brainstem circuits encoding start, speed, and duration of swimming in adult zebrafish

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 111(3), С. 372 - 386.e4

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2022

The flexibility of locomotor movements requires an accurate control their start, duration, and speed. How brainstem circuits encode convey these parameters remains unclear. Here, we have combined in vivo calcium imaging, electrophysiology, anatomy, behavior adult zebrafish to address questions. We reveal that the detailed are encoded by two molecularly, topographically, functionally segregated glutamatergic neuron subpopulations within nucleus medial longitudinal fasciculus. changes locomotion speed vGlut2+ neurons, whereas vGlut1+ neurons sudden high speed/high amplitude movements. Ablation compromised slow-explorative swimming, ablation impaired fast swimming. Our results provide mechanistic insights into how separate implement flexible commands. These command suitably organized integrate environmental cues hence generate swimming match animal's behavioral needs.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular blueprints for spinal circuit modules controlling locomotor speed in zebrafish

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(1), С. 78 - 89

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023

Abstract The flexibility of motor actions is ingrained in the diversity neurons and how they are organized into functional circuit modules, yet our knowledge molecular underpinning modularity remains limited. Here we use adult zebrafish to link motoneurons (MNs) rhythm-generating V2a interneurons (INs) with modular organization that responsible for changes locomotor speed. We show MNs INs reflects their segregation slow, intermediate or fast subtypes. Furthermore, reveal shared signatures between three speed modules. Overall, by characterizing relates function, connectivity behavior, study provides important insights not only mechanisms neuronal but also charting circuits general.

Язык: Английский

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Deconstructing the modular organization and real-time dynamics of mammalian spinal locomotor networks

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Locomotion empowers animals to move. Locomotor-initiating signals from the brain are funneled through descending neurons in brainstem that act directly on spinal locomotor circuits. Little is known mammals about which circuits targeted by command and how this transformed into rhythmicity cord. Here we address these questions leveraging a mouse brainstem-spinal cord preparation either sex allows locating with simultaneous Ca2+ imaging of neurons. We show restricted area - encompassing lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi) caudal ventrolateral reticular (CVL) contains glutamatergic initiate locomotion. captures direct LPGi/CVL initiating visualizes modules execute its transformation rhythmic activity. Inhibitory networks recruited distinctly different pattern. Our study uncovers principal logic implement using distinct modular organization.

Язык: Английский

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