Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35(21)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2023
Optogenetics
has
been
plagued
by
invasive
brain
implants
and
thermal
effects
during
photo-modulation.
Here,
two
upconversion
hybrid
nanoparticles
modified
with
photothermal
agents,
named
PT-UCNP-B/G,
which
can
modulate
neuronal
activities
via
photostimulation
thermo-stimulation
under
near-infrared
laser
irradiation
at
980
nm
808
nm,
respectively,
are
demonstrated.
PT-UCNP-B/G
emits
visible
light
(410-500
or
500-570
nm)
through
the
process
while
they
exhibit
efficient
effect
no
emission
tissue
damage.
Intriguingly,
PT-UCNP-B
significantly
activates
extracellular
sodium
currents
in
neuro2a
cells
expressing
light-gated
channelrhodopsin-2
(ChR2)
ion
channels
980-nm
irradiation,
inhibits
potassium
human
embryonic
kidney
293
voltage-gated
(KCNQ1)
808-nm
vitro.
Furthermore,
deep-brain
bidirectional
modulation
of
feeding
behavior
is
achieved
tether-free
illumination
(0.8
W
cm-2
)
mice
stereotactically
injected
ChR2-expressing
lateral
hypothalamus
region.
Thus,
creates
new
possibility
utilizing
both
heat
to
neural
provides
a
viable
strategy
overcome
limits
optogenetics.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021
Abstract
Optogenetic
manipulation
of
neuronal
activity
through
excitatory
and
inhibitory
opsins
has
become
an
indispensable
experimental
strategy
in
neuroscience
research.
For
many
applications
bidirectional
control
allowing
both
excitation
inhibition
the
same
neurons
a
single
experiment
is
desired.
This
requires
low
spectral
overlap
between
opsin,
matched
photocurrent
amplitudes
fixed
expression
ratio.
Moreover,
independent
activation
two
distinct
populations
with
different
optogenetic
actuators
still
challenging
due
to
blue-light
sensitivity
all
opsins.
Here
we
report
BiPOLES,
tool
for
potent
light
wavelengths.
BiPOLES
enables
sensitive,
reliable
dual-color
spiking
silencing
single-
or
two-photon
excitation,
optical
tuning
membrane
voltage,
using
second,
sensitive
opsin.
The
utility
demonstrated
worms,
flies,
mice
ferrets.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
613(7945), С. 696 - 703
Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022
Abstract
In
humans,
traumatic
social
experiences
can
contribute
to
psychiatric
disorders
1
.
It
is
suggested
that
trauma
impairs
brain
reward
function
such
behaviour
no
longer
rewarding,
leading
severe
avoidance
2,3
rodents,
the
chronic
defeat
stress
(CSDS)
model
has
been
used
understand
neurobiology
underlying
susceptibility
versus
resilience
following
trauma,
yet
little
known
regarding
its
impact
on
4,5
Here
we
show
that,
CSDS,
a
subset
of
male
and
female
mice,
termed
susceptible
(SUS),
avoid
interaction
with
non-aggressive,
same-sex
juvenile
C57BL/6J
mice
do
not
develop
context-dependent
encounters
them.
Non-social
stressors
have
effect
in
either
sex.
Next,
using
whole-brain
Fos
mapping,
vivo
Ca
2+
imaging
whole-cell
recordings,
identified
population
stress/threat-responsive
lateral
septum
neurotensin
(NT
LS
)
neurons
are
activated
by
interactions
only
SUS
but
resilient
or
unstressed
control
mice.
Optogenetic
chemogenetic
manipulation
NT
their
downstream
connections
modulates
reward.
Together,
these
data
suggest
previously
rewarding
targets
possibly
perceived
as
threats
resulting
from
hyperactive
occlude
processing.
The
acquisition
and
execution
of
motor
skills
are
mediated
by
a
distributed
network,
spanning
cortical
subcortical
brain
areas.
sensorimotor
striatum
is
an
important
cog
in
this
yet
the
roles
its
two
main
inputs,
from
cortex
thalamus,
remain
largely
unknown.
To
address
this,
we
silenced
inputs
rats
trained
on
task
that
results
highly
stereotyped
idiosyncratic
movement
patterns.
While
striatal-projecting
neurons
were
critical
for
learning
these
skills,
silencing
pathway
after
had
no
effect
performance.
In
contrast,
thalamus
disrupted
learned
causing
to
revert
species-typical
pressing
behaviors
preventing
them
relearning
task.
These
show
distinct
suggest
their
interaction
underlies
experience-dependent
changes
circuits.
Humans
often
take
actions
to
assist
others
experiencing
unresponsiveness,
such
as
transient
loss
of
consciousness.
How
other
animals
react
unresponsive
conspecifics-and
the
neural
mechanisms
driving
behaviors-remain
largely
unexplored.
In
this
study,
we
demonstrated
that
mice
exhibit
rescue-like
social
behaviors
toward
conspecifics,
characterized
by
intense
physical
contact
and
grooming
directed
at
recipient's
facial
mouth
areas,
which
expedite
their
recovery
from
unresponsiveness.
We
identified
medial
amygdala
(MeA)
a
key
region
encodes
state
drives
head-directed
contact.
Notably,
behavioral
responses
conspecifics
differed
those
awake,
stressed
individuals,
these
were
differentially
represented
in
MeA.
These
findings
shed
light
on
underlying
prosocial
individuals.
